introduction to orange - d37djvu3ytnwxt.cloudfront.net · introduction to orange ... delimited text...
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IntroductiontoOrange
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IntroductiontoOrange
• Orangeisadataminingtoolkit,soyoudon’tneedtobeanexpertinanyofthosesubjects• WewilluseOrangeto:• load,manipulate,andsavelargedatasets• visualizetherelationshipsbetweenvariables• discoverandquantifypatternsindata• createrulestopredictoutcomesbasedonobserveddata
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Orange:GraphicalProgramming
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UsingtheOrangeinterface
• Toaddawidget,dragitontothecanvasfromthewidgetpanel,orjustclickonitinthewidgetpanel• Toaddasignal,clickonthesignalattachmentpointonawidgetanddragfromittothesignalattachmentpointonanotherwidget• Inputsignalscomeinfromtheleft,outputsignalsgoouttotheright
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UsingtheOrangeinterface
• Somewidgetshavemultiplepossibleinputandoutputports• Orangetriestoguesswhichoneyoumean• Ifitguesseswrong,doubleclickonthesignaltoselectwhichinputsandoutputsyouareusing
• Youcanalsotemporarilydisconnectordeletesignalsbyright-clickingonthem
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FileWidget• Loadsdatafromafile• Manydifferentfiletypesaresupported• Recommended:tab-delimitedtext
• iris.tab isanexampledatasetthatcomeswithOrange,andcontains150irisflowersfromthreespecies
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DataTableWidget• Listsrowsinadataset,sortbyclickingonthecolumnheading• Eachvaluehasabarshowinghowbigitis• Firstcolumnisassumedtobeacategory(inthiscase,species)
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CCBY-SA3.0
Foreachofthe150flowersinthedataset,thereisavaluefor:
• PetalLength• PetalWidth• SepalLength• SepalWidth
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SelectRowsWidget• Filtersdataaccordingtosimplerules• Forexample:excludealliriseswithshortpetals• Selectanattributeandaconditionandpress“Add”toaddittothefilter
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DataSelectionResults• The“petallength”columnnowonlycontainsvalueslongerthan3cm• Thebluecategory,iris-setosa,isnowcompletelyabsent.• Apparentlyalliris-setosa flowershavepetalsshorterthan3cm.
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SelectColumnsWidget(1)• Choosewhichcolumnsgointhedataset• “Attributes”aredatavaluestobeincludedinoutput• “Class”isthecategoryoftherow• “MetaAttributes”aredescriptiveattributesthatareexcludedfromtheanalysis(suchasarowID)• “AvailableAttributes”areattributesavailabletobeloaded,butignored
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SelectColumnsWidget(1)• Dragormovevariablesbetweencategorieswiththe“>”and“<“buttons• Eachvariableismarked“C”forcontinuous(numericalvalues)or“D”fordiscrete(categoricalvalues)• Youmayneedtoclick“Apply”beforeanychangesyoumaketakeeffect
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SelectColumnsinaction• Supposewewereonlyinterestedinsepals,notpetals.
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FeatureConstructorWidget• Definesnewattributes(i.e.columns)basedonthevaluesofexistingattributes• Typeaformulaandclick“Add”toaddanewfeature
• Selectfieldsusing“(allattributes)”and“(allfunctions)”
• Widgetoutputsthesamedatasetwithnewattributesadded
• Thisparticularcalculationisassumingpetalsaretriangular
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FeatureConstructionResults• Newattributeisaddedafterexistingattributesbutbeforeclass
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SaveWidget
• Saveamodifiedfile• Saveswhateverisgoingtoitsinput• Ifyoumadechangeselsewhereinthescheme,theywillnotbesaved
• Becarefulnottoaccidentallyoverwriteyourinputfile
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Exercise:FirstScheme• Loadandinspecttheimports-85.tab datafile(oncoursewebsite),whichcontainsinformationaboutvariousimportedcars• Adda“volume”attribute(i.e.lengthxwidthxheight)• Removetheoriginallength,width,andheightattributes• Savethedatasetusingadifferentfilename
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Solution
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Solution,continued
Remembertoclick“Apply”afteryoumakechanges!