introduction to nxp automotive radar solutions

NXP and the NXP logo are trademarks of NXP B.V. All other product or service names are the property

of their respective owners. © 2017 NXP B.V.

PUBLIC

AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS ENGINEER

CURT HILLIER

INTRODUCTION TO NXP

AUTOMOTIVE RADAR

SOLUTIONS

AMF-AUT-T2803 | AUGUST 2017

NAO MOTOYAMAMMWAVE RADAR CUSTOMER SUPPORT ENGINEER

PUBLIC 1

AGENDA• Basic on Radar Systems

• 77-81GHz Radar Front-End

• Radar Back-End MCU

PUBLIC 2

Basic on Radar

1

PUBLIC 3

Radar Introduction

• An electronic device/systems for the detection and location of objects:

Speed, Range/Distance, Angle/Position

• Required Functionalities:

RF Part: Antenna, Transmitter, Receiver

Mixed Signal: A/D Convertor

Digital: DSP/MCU/FPGA for Data processing

PUBLIC 4

Radar Block Diagram PA: Power Amplifier

A/D: Analog to Digital Convertor

Target List:

Speed/Range/Angle

Waveform

GeneratorPA

Range/Doppler FFT

Magnitude Calc. etc

Transmitter

Receiver

A/D

DSP/MCU/FPGA

Offered by NXP

Solutions for 76-81GHz

PUBLIC 5

Requirements For Automotive Radar Applications

• RF Components:

− Transmitter:

Generate up to 81GHz mmWave signals (using PLL)

− Receiver:

Mixer to down-covert the received echo signals to the lower frequency (IF).

• Analog to Digital Convertor (ADC)

Convert analog IF signal to the digital data for radar processing

Multiple ADCs for multiple receiver channels

• DSP/MCU/FPGA

− Strong floating-point FFT performance:

Signal Processing Engine for efficient filter and matrix math operations

Optimized DSP libraries and Matrix Math libraries

• Automotive application

Minimal power usage

Small form factor (Integrations)

Full automotive temperature range up to 125°C

− Support for compliance to IEC61508 and ISO26262:

Multiple cores for redundant computations

Core HW enhancements for self test

ECC on all memories

PUBLIC 6

IEEE Standard Radar Bands (Typical Use)

HF

VHF

UHF

L-Band

S-Band

C-Band

X-Band

Ku-Band

K-Band

Ka-Band

W-Band

3MHz – 30MHz

30MHz – 300MHz

300MHz – 1GHz

1GHz – 2GHz

2GHz – 4GHz

4GHz – 8GHz

8GHz- 12GHz

12GHz – 18GHz

18GHz – 27GHz

27GHz – 40GHz

40GHz – 100+GHz

Search Radars

Search & Tracking

Radars

Fire Control &

Imaging Radars

Fire Control &

Imaging Radars

Allocation band for Automotive

24GHz for Short Range Radar

Narrow bandwidth

76 – 77GHz for Long Rage Radar

Range: 10 – 250m

Range Resolution: 0.25m

77 - 81GHz for Medium/Short Range Radar

Range: 1 – 100m/15cm – 30m

Range Resolution: 25cm/3.75cm

PUBLIC 7

Frequency Modulated Contiguous Wave (FMCW) Radar Systems

Transmitted Signal

Received Signal

Freq

[GHz]

T [usec]

IF Freq

[MHz]

T [usec]

IF

[Volt]

T [usec]

Waveform

GeneratorPA

Range/Doppler FFT

Magnitude Calc. etc

Transmitter

Receiver

A/D

DSP/MCU/FPGA

1 Chirp

(Ex.150usec)

77

79

PUBLIC 8

ADC Sampling

Period

Data Processing Period

(Ex. 160msec)

1 Frame (Ex.180msec)

128 Chirps

1 Chirp

(Ex.150usec)

Waveform

GeneratorPA

Range/Doppler FFT

Magnitude Calc. etc

Transmitter

Receiver

A/D

DSP/MCU/FPGA

#1 #2 #128 #1 #2 #128Transmitter&Receiver at

Low power mode

Chirp and Frame

PUBLIC 9

Radar Parameters of Interest

• Maximum Detection Range

• Range Resolution: separation capability of 2 objects

• Maximum Detection Velocity

• Velocity Resolution

• Angle Range

• Angle Resolution

PUBLIC 10

Maximum Detection Range

• 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑀𝑎𝑥 =𝐼𝐹𝑀𝑎𝑥×𝐶

2 × ∆𝑆

𝐼𝐹𝑀𝑎𝑥 = Maximum IF Bandwidth depended on ADC Maximum sampling rate (Ex. 20MSps)

𝐶 = Speed of light 3 × 108 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐

∆𝑆 = Slope of the transmitted chirp (Ex. 1GHz/30usec)

∆𝑺

• 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 (𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑘 𝐵𝑢𝑑𝑔𝑒𝑡)𝑀𝑎𝑥 =4 𝑇𝑋𝑜𝑢𝑡 ×𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑅𝑋×𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑇𝑋×𝐶2×𝜎×𝑁𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑝×𝑇𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑝

𝐹𝑐2×(4𝜋)3× 𝑘 ×𝑇 ×𝑁𝐹 ×𝑆𝑁𝑅𝑚𝑖𝑛.

𝑇𝑋𝑜𝑢𝑡 = Transmitter (TX) Output power

𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑅𝑋 = Antenna gain of RX, 𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑇𝑋 = Antenna gain of TX

𝜎 = RCS of the objects, 𝑁𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑝 = Number of chirps in a frame, 𝑇𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑝= Chirp period

𝐹𝑐 = Carrier frequency, 𝑘 = Boltman constant, T = Operational ambient temperature

𝑁𝐹 = Noise Figure of the receiver

𝑆𝑁𝑅𝑚𝑖𝑛 = Minimum required Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) to detect objects

𝑇𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑝

PUBLIC 11

Range Resolution

• 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =𝐶

2 × 𝐵𝑊


𝐵𝑊 = FMCW sweep bandwidth (Ex. 2GHz)

𝐵𝑊

PUBLIC 12

Maximum Detection Velocity

• 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦𝑀𝑎𝑥.𝐷𝑒𝑡 =λ

4 ×𝑇𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑝

λ= Wavelength

𝑇𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑝= Chirp period

Velocity Resolution

• 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =λ

2 ×𝑁𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑝×𝑇𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑝


𝑁𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑝 = Number of chirps in a frame

𝑇𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑝= Chirp period

𝑇𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑝

PUBLIC 13

Angle Range

• 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑀𝑎𝑥. = sin−1λ

2 ×𝑑

λ= Wavelength

𝑑 = Spacing between receiver antennas

𝜃 = Angle of the object

If 𝑑 =λ

2, ±90° mathematically.

Angle Resolution 1

• 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =λ

𝑑 ×𝑁𝑅𝑋× cos 𝜃

𝑁𝑅𝑋 = Number of receiver antenna

PUBLIC 14

Angle Resolution 2 (Multi-Input Multi-Output/MIMO) • 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =

λ

𝑑 ×𝑁𝑇𝑋 ×𝑁𝑅𝑋× cos 𝜃

λ= Wavelength

𝑑 = Spacing between receiver antennas

𝑁𝑇𝑋 = Number of transmitter antenna

𝑁𝑅𝑋 = Number of receiver antenna

𝜃 = Angle of the object

2 𝝀 2 𝝀

𝝀

𝟐

𝝀

𝟐

𝝀

𝟐

2 𝝀 2 𝝀𝝀

𝟐

𝝀

𝟐

𝝀

𝟐

3-Transmitter 4-Receiver

𝝀

𝟐

𝝀

𝟐

𝝀

𝟐

𝝀

𝟐

𝝀

𝟐

𝝀

𝟐

𝝀

𝟐

𝝀

𝟐

𝝀

𝟐

𝝀

𝟐

𝝀

𝟐

Virtually 12-Receiver (3-TX x 4-RX)

PUBLIC 15

Radar mmWave Part Key Performance Parameters

TX Power Pout

ADC Sampling Rate

Phase Noise

Noise Figure

Chirp BW

Chirp Linearity

Power Dissipation

Longer Detection Range, better S/N (!)

Higher IF -> Longer Detection Range or Higher dist. resolution

Increased object separation in distance and velocity

Required to achieve best SNR over receiver chain

Increased object resolution for e.g. Parking

Similar to Phase Noise. Less spurious ghosts targets

Enabling smallest Sensor Form Factor

PUBLIC 16

77GHz RF Frontends

2

PUBLIC 17

NXP Radar Roadmap

20202017 2018 2019

Available now

In

developmentConcept

Idea

Multi-Chip Radar

MPC577xK

4MB NVM

1.5MB SRAM

SPT 1.0

Lockstep (ASIL-D)

MR2001 Chipset

Scalable to 4TX

& 12RX

2GHz Chirp

Cascading

MR3003

Single Chip TRX

3TX, 4RX

High Performance

PPAP 18Q1

High-End Corner

“Imaging” Radar

MR3143

S32R45x

S32R372

1.2MB NVM

1MB SRAM

SPT 2.5, ASIL-B

PPAP 17Q4

TEF810x

Single Chip TRX

3TX, 4RX

Lowest Power

PPAP 18Q1

Corner Radar

S32R37x

S32R274

2MB NVM

1.5MB SRAM

SPT 2.0

Lockstep (ASIL-D)

Two-Chip Radar

Corner RadarMulti-Mode

360 Sensing

High End

Corner Radar

Long Range/

Mid Range

RadarFront/Rear

Non-NDA Version

PUBLIC 18

TEF810x Car Radar ICRFCMOS Car Radar Transceiver for 76-81 GHz

• Applications− Long Range Radar: ACC

− Mid Range: Emergency Braking

− Near Range: Parking Aid, Corner Radar

• Features− Fully integrated RFCMOS Radar Frontend for 76-81 GHz

− 3 TX (w/ BPSK), 4 RX Channels

− Optimized for Fast Chirp Modulation

− Support for 2 GHz bandwidth, 4GHz with chirp stitching

− Automotive Temperature Range

− Support cascading of 4 Dolphin

− LVDS, CIF and CSI-2 Interface

− ISO26262 compliant development - ASIL Level B

• Benefits− Lowest Power: 1.2W (1Tx 50%, 4 Rx 60%, BiST 10%)

− Few external components, Easy Integration

− High Range Resolution <8cm

Power

& Clock

Safety

Monitor

SPI

CSI-2

Timing

Engine

ADC1

ADC4

Tx1

Tx3

Rx1

Rx4

PLL

VCO

TEF810xDigital Out, Low Power, Highly Integrated

CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY

PUBLIC 19

MR3003 Car Radar IC BiCMOS Car Radar Transceiver for 76-81 GHz • Applications

− Mid Range: Emergency Braking

− Long Range Radar: ACC

• Features

− Fully integrated BiCMOS Radar Frontend for 76-81 GHz

− 3 TX (w/ BPSK), 4 RX Channels

− Optimized for Fast Chirp Modulation

− Support for 2 GHz bandwidth

− High Output Power

− Automotive Temperature Range

− MIPI CSI-2 Interface

− ISO26262 compliant development - ASIL Level B

• Benefits

− Low Power: 2.2W (1Tx 50%, 4 Rx 60%, BiST 10%)

− Few external components, Easy Integration

− High Range Resolution <8cm

CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY

PUBLIC 20

Radar Back-End MCU

3

PUBLIC 21

S32R27xx – Block Diagram

Specification

CPU: 2xZ7 240MHz (w/ SPE2) & Z4 120MHz in permanent lockstep

SPT 2.0: FFT Accelerator, DMA, additional mathematical functions

Analog: 4xSD ADC & 2xSAR, Low jitter PLL, D/A as option for 24GHz

Package: 257 MAPBGA (14x14mm2, 0.8mm pitch)

Temp Range (Ta): -40 to 125C (150C Tj), AEC-Q100 Grade 1

Main Supply: 3.3V IO & 1.25V Core (ext or PMU)

Key Features

Functional Safety: as per ISO26262 with target ASIL-D

Security: CSE2

DSE: Radar acceleration mathematical functions

Memory: 2MB Flash/1.5MB SRAM (both ECC)

Top of Class Analogue IP: PLL, OSC & SD ADC

SW Enablement: Safe Autosar MCAL ASIL-B (-D)

NV Memory

CPU Platform

Z4LS @ 120MHz

Ext ADC IF

2MB with ECC

MIPI CSI2

Volatile Emb. Memory

1.5MB RAM with ECC

Connectivity

1 x Cross Trig Unit 2 x IIC

1x FlexPWM (12 ch) 1 x LinFlex Ctrl 2 x dSPI

2 x eTimers – 6 ch. each 3x FlexCAN/CAN-FD SWT & STM

Safety & Support

OSC and PLL

T-Sensor

FCCU/FOSU & CRC

Safe DMA

DEBUG Nexus 3+

Fabric

64 bit XBAR with E2E ECC

ADC Input

4 x SD ADC

12bit 10MSps

2x SAR ADC

12bit 1MSps, ch mux

DSE (Digital Signal

Processing)

Scheduler

COPY Radar

Accelerator

DMA

Radar Processing PlatformMaster Comm Bus

128 msg FlexRay

Ethernet

Vehicle secure Network

Z4 LS @ 120MHz

8kB I-cache

2 way

SFPU

4kB D-cache

2 way

PMU

Safe Memory

MEMU

Security

CSE2

Z7 @ 240MHz

16kB I-cache

2 way

SPE2-SIMD

16kB D-cache

2 way

32KB DTCM

VFPU-SiMD

DAC Output

10MSps

Z7 @ 240MHz

16kB I-cache

2 way

SPE2-SIMD

16kB D-cache

2 way

64KB TCM

VFPU-SIMD

64kB TCM

Pedestal: #255

PUBLIC 23

S32R – Software Enablement

PUBLIC 24

Radar Software Enablement Benefits

Development Tools

Mem

Visualization

Graph tool

SPT

Graph tool

Compiler

LAX

Graphical Chirp

Designer

Radar

Frontend

Base Libraries

FE Adaption API

Simulation SupportMatlab / C

Func.models

SPT Lib

Matlab / C

Func.models

LAX Lib

Advanced Algorithm LibraryPro Libraries

Demo ApplicationCorner Radar Demo Application

Virtual Prototype

SPT Library

LAX Algo

Lib

FE

Adaption

Layer

FE

Adaption

LayerLAX Graph Env.

FE

Adaption

Layer

• Best performance per

power: Pre-optimized

libraries give full access to

NXP Performance-per-Power

Benefits

• Differentiation: Easy-to-Use

SDK enables full

customization of algorithms &

Performance per Power

benefits

• Time-to-Market: Libraries

and Easy-to-Use SDK for

fast TTM

• Scalability & Reuse: Reuse

common algorithm

development for low-end to

high-end radar

PUBLIC 25

SPT Library

SPT Library

SPTBasic

2D-FFT2D-Peak

Search

Threshold

Calculation

Phase

Shifting

SPTPro

3D-FFT CFARDigital

BeamformingJAMMING

DETECTIONMIMO

Auto-

Calibration

PUBLIC 26

Summary

05.

PUBLIC 27

To Summarize:

• NXP Radar Transceiver and Radar MCU products are ready for development

• 77 GHz Transceiver solutions include TEF810x (RFCMOS) and MR3003 (SiGe)

• S32R274 SPT is fast and power efficient

• SPT is a highly parallelized machine + parallelism is hidden from the user (no need to manage)

• Radar Software Development Kit simplifies the user’s job

PUBLIC 28

Back-Up (Radar Demo Kit)

PUBLIC 29

NXP S32 Design Studio

TEF810x + S32R27x Radar Demo & Development Kit

RRU

S32R274TEF810x

Tx

Rx Rx Rx RxConfig &

Status

ADC

Data

40MHz Differential Clock

CHIRP START /

RCS

READY_IN

T / RFSControl /

Error

Optional

Connections

2D FFT Power Spectrum

Visualisation

TEF8102Board S32R274 MCU

12V

Power Supply

Tx

Tx

Cocoon Radar Demo kit

Credit Card Sized Radar Development Platform

PUBLIC 30

Cocoon

PUBLIC 31

Radar Transceiver 76-81GHz: TEF810X

Radar Processor: S32R27XX

System Basis Chip: FS6520 (Power + CAN-FD)

Cocoon Radar Demonstration Kit

Pedestal: #254

PUBLIC 32

3-ch Transmitter

4-ch Receiver TEF810X

S32R27XX

CAN

Driver

FFTs

Detection

Dolphin

Control

Dolphin API

SPI Driver

CAN Protocol

Peaklist

Visualisation

CAN USB

Power

Supply

TEF810X S32R27XX

FS6520

CSI

SPI

TOP BOTTOM

TOP BOTTOM

FS6520Pedestal: #254

• Hardware

− TEF810X+ S32R27XX + FS6520

− 12.0 AC/DC Adaptor

− CAN to USB Adaptor

− Power consumption: < 5.0 W

− Size: 42 x 44mm

− Range: >>40m @ 5dBsm (TBD)

− Opening Angle (TBD)

Azimuth: ±60°Elevation: ±20°

• Software

− NXP Cocoon “RadarVisualization”

• System Requirements

− Windows 7

PUBLIC 33


PUBLIC 34

Pedestal: #255

NXP S32 Design Studio


PUBLIC 35NXP and the NXP logo are trademarks of NXP B.V. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. All rights reserved. © 2017 NXP B.V.

Pedestal: #255


• Complete Radar systems development platform for

Radar Transceiver 76-81GHz: TEF810X

Radar Processor: S32R27

• NXP S32 Design Studio for Power Architecture based platform:

Simple bare-metal project designed to be easy to adapt and re-use

Basic SPI driver, CSI2 driver supporting multiple configurations

Examples of TEF810X configuration using TEF810X_API

Optimized Signal Processing Tool (SPT) sequences for different samples/chirps/channels settings implemented using SPT2 assembler

FNET TCP/IP networking stack

Configure multiple combinations of samples, chirps, channels

Supports ADC, range FFT and Doppler FFT output modes

• Free GCC based compiler available on NXP.com

PUBLIC 36

Connection Block Diagram

RRU

S32R274

Dolphin

TEF810x

Tx

Tx

Tx

Rx Rx Rx Rx Config &

Status

ADC Data

40MHz Differential Clock

CHIRP START / RCS

READY_INT /

RFS

Control / Error

Optional

Connections

2D FFT Power Spectrum

Visualisation

TEF8102Board S32R274 MCU

12V

Power Supply

Pedestal: #255

PUBLIC 37

TEF8102 Radar Transceiver Board

Pedestal: #255

• 3 Tx and 4 Rx antenna

• TEF8102

• Stacking connector to interface with RRU MCU board

PUBLIC 38

S32R274 Radar MCU Board

12V DC

Power

Gigabit

Ethernet

Jack

Nexus Debug

CAN Header (J27)Pin 1 – CANH

Pin 2 – GND

Pin 3 - CANL

S32R274

GPIO Header (J307)

JTAG Debug

Pedestal: #255

introduction to nxp automotive radar solutions

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