introduction to new media interaction. spaces of interaction
Post on 20-Dec-2015
219 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction to New Media Interaction
![Page 2: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Spaces of Interaction
![Page 3: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Minority Report
Intelligent billboards
![Page 11: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Aims of this lecture• Consider the implications
of a paradigm shift in media communications
• Considers five key elements of this paradigm
1. Historical view of interactivity
2. Modelling interactivity3. Interactivity from a design
perspective4. User interaction (UCD &
UXD)5. Ubiquitous interaction
![Page 12: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Historical view of interactivity
![Page 13: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
from the old to the new
![Page 14: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
normal science
crisis
revolution
new science
A paradigm shift
Thomas Kuhn’s (1970)Structure of Science
![Page 15: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Digital media
Crisis
Information revolution
•Digitization of print in 1980s
•Impact of Internet on ad revenue for newspapers and TV in 2008
Digitalization and
convergence of media
New media
A paradigm shiftStructure of Media?
Analogue media
![Page 16: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Early computation had little to do with interaction
![Page 17: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Paradigm ShiftDouglas Engelbart’s 1968 demonstration at
Augmentation Research Centre in San Francisco
Before Engelbart, human interaction with a computer was ‘laughable’
Link to videos of 1968 demonstrationand interview with Engelbart
![Page 19: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
User tools and collective intelligence• Douglas Engelbart 1968 Augmentation
Research
• Computers used to augment ‘collective IQ’
• Demonstrates user tools– the mouse – keyboard – hypertext – dynamic file linking– hierarchical structuring of text– videoconferencing
![Page 20: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
bootstrapping
The augmentation of the human intellect via interaction understood as a collective bootstrapping process
![Page 21: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
1969• Engelbart would go on to
hook up the second node of ARPANet in the following year and, during the next decade, would help to build an online community on that network, which has now become the Internet
(See the MIT New Media Reader, 2003).
![Page 22: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
What makes the Global Village is not the content or the message of the medium, but the medium itself
‘The medium shapes and controls the scale and form of human association and actions’
(McLuhan 1964 p. 9)
![Page 23: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The medium is the me[a]ssage
![Page 24: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Not necessarily about Harmony. Not just about glorious technological change.
Big social and political changes to the way we live, work and play
Wapping video
![Page 25: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Changing Our Relations to the Media and the Economy
![Page 26: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Modelling Interactivity
![Page 27: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
What is new about ‘new’ media?
• Differences between old media and new are greater user choice and control
Pavlik, 1998 New Media Technology: Cultural and Commercial Perspectives
![Page 28: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Interactivitydefined
![Page 29: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Interactivity• 1 : mutually or reciprocally active
• 2 : of, relating to, or being a two-way electronic communication system (as a telephone, cable television, or a computer) that involves a user's orders (as for information or merchandise) or responses (as to a poll)
Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
![Page 30: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
interactivity
Interactivity is based on changing roles of
sender/receiver
![Page 31: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
simple model of linear communication
transmitter Receiver(s)
message
![Page 32: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
interactive communication
Transmitter
ReceiverReceiver(s)
Transmitter(s)
message
![Page 33: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Interaction defined
Communicator A Communicator B
Communicator A
response
message
Response/reaction
Bretz (1983) cited in Hanssen, Jankowski and Etienne 1996 Contours of Multimedia
![Page 34: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Three levels of interactionRafaeli (1988)
Bidirectionality (navigational, click-thru)
Reactiveness (dynamic database)
Responsiveness (face-to-face, email, artificial
intelligence)
![Page 35: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Responsiveness
• ELIZA was written at MIT by Joseph Weizenbaum between 1964 to 1966.
• http://www-ai.ijs.si/eliza-cgi-bin/eliza_script
• Richard Wallace began development of Alice in 1995, while at Lehigh University
• http://www.pandorabots.com/pandora/talk?botid=f5d922d97e345aa1
![Page 37: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Meet Jen
“Jenn” at alaskaair.com
![Page 38: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Clever(er) Bots
• See http://www.cleverbot.com/
![Page 39: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Interactivity from a design perspective
![Page 40: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
What should interaction designers strive for?
• Tannenbaum argues that a good mix of
• interactivity • social presence• Like face-to-face, interpersonal
communication
![Page 42: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Should interaction design strive to be interpersonal?
• How can designers make new media interpersonal?
• Immediacy of response• Non-sequential access to
information • Adaptability• High levels of feedback
![Page 43: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Assumptions about face-to-face
communication
![Page 44: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Assumptions about face-to-face
communication• Steve Jones (1999)
• CMC has become a race to provide the most ‘lifelike’ interaction possible
• problems with face-to-face interaction
It does not necessarily break down barriers of communication….
![Page 45: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Should all new media be interactive?
‘…from the perspective of functionality, it is not necessary to always strive for a high degree of interactivity’
Hanssen, Jankowski and Etienne, Contours of Multimedia 1996
![Page 46: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
User Research
• What do users consider interactivity to be?
• Control over sequence
• Greater number of choices
• However,
• Too much control experienced negatively
• Decision-making obstacle to use
• A degree of linearity aided user orientation
![Page 47: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
User Interaction
![Page 48: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Human Computer Interaction (HCI)
• HCI is about the design of computers, but ‘from the user's point of view’
• In Draper and Norman (eds) "User-Centered System Design" 1986 p. 2
• HCI uses cognitive psychology frameworks
Donald Norman
![Page 49: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Three Paradigms Within HCI
1. Ergonomic 2. Cognitive
![Page 51: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
2nd paradigm HCI
![Page 52: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
2nd paradigm HCI and Mental Models
![Page 53: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Cognitive Walkthrough
• Making a Fried Breakfast
• Write down a step-by-step (walk-through) of what you do to make breakfast
![Page 54: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Making Breakfast
![Page 55: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Get frying pan ready
![Page 56: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Heat fat in pan
![Page 57: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Break egg(s)
![Page 58: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Fry eggs in pan
![Page 59: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Make toast and butter
![Page 60: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Put on a plate and eat
![Page 61: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
BreakfastMaker. version 3.5
![Page 62: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
User Centred Design
![Page 63: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
User Testing
![Page 64: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
User Centred Design
![Page 65: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Paper Prototypes
Videos on paper prototypes
Paper Prototype
Paper Prototype IMP06 HR
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ykJ60H4Qkvg&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WbxisFDYk4&feature=related
![Page 66: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
See Bill Verplank on YouTube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3rxCLhzmXY
![Page 67: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
3rd Paradigm HCI
• From Usability to User Experience (UXD)• Use and Social Context• Ethnography as design method• Emotions, Feelings and Affect• Task versus Non-Task• Ubicomp/Pervasive Computing
![Page 68: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Ubiquitous Interaction
![Page 69: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
See GreenfieldLectures On Everyware
See Adam Greenfield on Youtubehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrbGBhzZPic
![Page 70: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
![Page 71: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Challenges for Interaction DesignSee Dan Saffer, Designing for Interaction (2010) Berkeley: New Riders (Greenfield interviewed in chapter nine)
• “When a room, or a lamppost, or a running shoe is, in and of itself, an information gathering, processing, storage, and transmission device, it's crazy to assume that the keyboard or the traditional GUI makes sense as a channel for interaction “
![Page 72: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
A Multiplicity of Interactions
The Space of Interaction• Interaction design will need to
consider “multiplicity.”• “Instead of the neatly
circumscribed space of interaction between a single user and his or her PC, his or her mobile, we're going to have to contend with a situation in which multiple users are potentially interacting with multiple technical systems in a given space at a given moment.”
![Page 73: Introduction to New Media Interaction. Spaces of Interaction](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d485503460f94a23872/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Quality of User Experience
• “Networked information-processing devices are going to be deployed everywhere in the built environment rather strongly implies the inadequacy of the traditional user interface modalities… most particularly keyboards and keypads.”
• The future is interaction based on voice, gestural and pervasive interfaces