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Introduction to Nanotechnology Dr. Jing Bai Associate Professor Director of Graduate Studies (DGS) Department of Electrical Engineering University of Minnesota Duluth October 25, 2016 1

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Page 1: Introduction to Nanotechnologysburns/EE1001Fall2016/EE... · What is Nanotechnology? A human hair is 50,000 – 80,000 nanometers wide and grows ~10 nm every second (~600 nm every

Introduction to Nanotechnology

Dr. Jing BaiAssociate Professor

Director of Graduate Studies (DGS)

Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of Minnesota Duluth

October 25, 20161

Page 2: Introduction to Nanotechnologysburns/EE1001Fall2016/EE... · What is Nanotechnology? A human hair is 50,000 – 80,000 nanometers wide and grows ~10 nm every second (~600 nm every

Outline

2

What is nanotechnology?

Applications of nanotechnology

Approaches of nanotechnology

My research on nanotechnology

Page 3: Introduction to Nanotechnologysburns/EE1001Fall2016/EE... · What is Nanotechnology? A human hair is 50,000 – 80,000 nanometers wide and grows ~10 nm every second (~600 nm every

3

What is Nanotechnology?

A human hair is 50,000 – 80,000 nanometers wide and grows ~10 nm every second (~600 nm every

minute)

Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications

Page 4: Introduction to Nanotechnologysburns/EE1001Fall2016/EE... · What is Nanotechnology? A human hair is 50,000 – 80,000 nanometers wide and grows ~10 nm every second (~600 nm every

4

Why is Nanoscale So Special?• Materials at nanoscale

can have very differentchemical reactivitycompared to that in themacroscopic forms (e.g.,gold)

• Chemical reactions with nanoscale materials can be very fast due tovastly increased surface area per unit mass

• Quantum effects bring unique mechanical, electrical, photonic andmagnetic properties

• New forms of commonchemical elements atnanoscale possessspecial material properties

BuckyballQuantum wells

Page 5: Introduction to Nanotechnologysburns/EE1001Fall2016/EE... · What is Nanotechnology? A human hair is 50,000 – 80,000 nanometers wide and grows ~10 nm every second (~600 nm every

5

Applications of Nanotechnology• Drugs and pharmaceuticals

• Nanoscale optical and electronic devices

• High-end flexible displays

• Energy devices

• Cosmetics

• Defense and security

• Nano-biotechnology

Page 6: Introduction to Nanotechnologysburns/EE1001Fall2016/EE... · What is Nanotechnology? A human hair is 50,000 – 80,000 nanometers wide and grows ~10 nm every second (~600 nm every

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Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery

Example: the use of nanoparticles to deliver drugs to cancer cells.Particles are engineered so that they are attracted to diseasedcells, which allows direct treatment of those cells. This techniquereduces damage to healthy cells in the body.

Page 7: Introduction to Nanotechnologysburns/EE1001Fall2016/EE... · What is Nanotechnology? A human hair is 50,000 – 80,000 nanometers wide and grows ~10 nm every second (~600 nm every

7

Nanotechnology in Defense and Security

• Sensor system based on nanotechnology could detect biologicalagents

• Nanomaterials (such as CNT) mixed in fabrics of soldiers’uniforms could protect soldiers from dangers such as hightemperature, impacts and chemicals.

Nano-biosensor by NASA Carbon nanotube (CNT)

Page 8: Introduction to Nanotechnologysburns/EE1001Fall2016/EE... · What is Nanotechnology? A human hair is 50,000 – 80,000 nanometers wide and grows ~10 nm every second (~600 nm every

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Nanotechnology in Electronics

• Flexible electronic devices are stretchable and wearable. Theyhave applications in display screens, electronic interconnects,data storage and biomedical field.

• Nanomaterials (e.g., graphene, CNT and nanowires) and elasticpolymers play vital roles in flexible electronics.

Flexible electronics Graphene

Page 9: Introduction to Nanotechnologysburns/EE1001Fall2016/EE... · What is Nanotechnology? A human hair is 50,000 – 80,000 nanometers wide and grows ~10 nm every second (~600 nm every

9

Approaches of Nanotechnology

Page 10: Introduction to Nanotechnologysburns/EE1001Fall2016/EE... · What is Nanotechnology? A human hair is 50,000 – 80,000 nanometers wide and grows ~10 nm every second (~600 nm every

10

My Research in Nanotechnology

• Quantum-cascade lasers (QCL) – Nanoscale

lasers

• Nanostructured photovoltaic devices – Nanoscale

energy devices

• Electronic skin pressure sensor array for

colonoscopy – Nanoscale biomedical sensors

Page 11: Introduction to Nanotechnologysburns/EE1001Fall2016/EE... · What is Nanotechnology? A human hair is 50,000 – 80,000 nanometers wide and grows ~10 nm every second (~600 nm every

Quantum-Cascade Lasers (QCL)

One electron emits Nphotons to generatehigh output power

Typically N=20-50stages make up asingle QCL.

Electric field

ħω

ħω

Cascade effects

1111

ħω

Cross section of a QCL: Note that each layer thickness is a

few nanometers

10m

One layer

Dime coin QCL

Page 12: Introduction to Nanotechnologysburns/EE1001Fall2016/EE... · What is Nanotechnology? A human hair is 50,000 – 80,000 nanometers wide and grows ~10 nm every second (~600 nm every

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• Engineer the semiconductor band-structure to optimize the absorption range in the solar spectrum

• Incorporate the anti-reflection coating formed by nano-fibers to enhance the light trapping

Improvement of PV Efficiency Using Nanotechnology

Page 13: Introduction to Nanotechnologysburns/EE1001Fall2016/EE... · What is Nanotechnology? A human hair is 50,000 – 80,000 nanometers wide and grows ~10 nm every second (~600 nm every

13

Solar Cells with Metallic Nanostructures

Absorption spectrum of a metamaterial absorber with array of nanospheres

Two types of fabricated nanostructures

Comparison between experimental measurement

and simulation results

Experimental verification of absorption enhancement of nano-

arrays

|E|

= 724 nm

|E|

= 600 nm m

in

max

Efficient absorber design based on plasmonic Fano resonance

Page 14: Introduction to Nanotechnologysburns/EE1001Fall2016/EE... · What is Nanotechnology? A human hair is 50,000 – 80,000 nanometers wide and grows ~10 nm every second (~600 nm every

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Electronic Skin Pressure Sensor Array for Colonoscopy

Page 15: Introduction to Nanotechnologysburns/EE1001Fall2016/EE... · What is Nanotechnology? A human hair is 50,000 – 80,000 nanometers wide and grows ~10 nm every second (~600 nm every

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My Contact Information

Email: [email protected]: (218)726-8606Office: MWAH 255URL: http://www.d.umn.edu/~jingbai/

Model D24-1S Model D24-2S · of disinfection utilizing germicidal ultraviolet lamps that produce short-wave radiation at 254 nanometers (nm) ... is a function of time, and the intensity,

A sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick

UVC is proven to kill known pathogens at 253.7 nanometers

A sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick

5990701 WIM-WFII Q32018 WFII Tomorrow's Technology RPT A1 · Transistors per chip 2,200 37 million 10 billion Gap between transistors 10,000 nanometers 180 nanometers 10 nanometers

WHAT IS A NANO ? Human Hair ……… 1 0 0, 0 0 0 nanometers Pin head 1mm ……. 1 0 0 0, 0 0 0 nanometers Products and technologies utilizing up to 99 nm size

Teachers' Guide: RSL Fiber Systems Challenge€¦ · mapped around the outside of the diagram (indicated by wavelength in nanometers from 400 nm to 700 nm). The various hues that

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Viruses VIRUSES Viruses are small packages of genes€¦ · VIRUSES Viruses measured in nanometers (nm). Require electron microscopy. Viruses are small packages of genes Consist of

The Basics of UV-Vis Spectroscopy...In UV-Vis spectroscopy, wavelength is usually expressed in nanometers (1 nm = 10-9 m). It follows from the equations that radiation with shorter

Phototherapy, Photochemotherapy, and Excimer Laser Therapy ... · Excimer Laser Therapy Office-based targeted excimer laser therapy (i.e., 308 nanometers [nm]) is considered medically

© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Range of Visible Light Our eyes can see from 400 (blue/purple) to 700 (red) nm. Nm = nanometers = 10 -9 meters Our eyes

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Seeing the Tree and the Forest - Quantum Spatial Forest BioMetrics...Seeing the Tree and the Forest ... collects reflected solar energy from 400 to 2500 nanometers (nm). These data

How Remote Sensing Works...The Electromagnetic Spectrum Units for measuring wavelengths will be listed either in micrometers (µm, µ ) or nanometers (nm) The visible spectrum is:

Introduction to Nanotechnology. Nanoscale The scale of materials considered nanotechnology are between one and one hundred nanometers or nm. 1 nanometer

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Section 1 - Great Lakes Dental Tech...The wave length produced by the diode is approximately 810 nanometers (nm) and produces invisible non-ionizing thermal radiation that does not

Nanoparticle Safety UTSI November 2011. Introduction - Nanoparticles Nanoparticles have at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nanometers (nm) They

Precision Matters: Designing for Nanometers · 2013. 10. 30. · 1 of 24 2007 MIT LMP Manufacturing Summit Precision Matters: Designing for Nanometers Stephen Ludwick, Ph.D. [email protected]

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FOCUS ON CANCER Kenyan Hospitals Introducing Palliative Care · the width of a human hair is between 60,000 and 80,000 nanometers, and a human fingernail grows some 10 nanometers

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