introduction to nanotechnology by lt cdr v pravin guided by dr d samanta

INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY

BY

LT CDR V PRAVINGUIDED BY

DR D SAMANTA

NANOTECHNOLOGYNANOTECHNOLOGY

THE THE REVOLUTION REVOLUTION OF ENDLESS OF ENDLESS POSSIBILITIESPOSSIBILITIES

INTRODUCTION

NANOTECHNOLOGY BASICS

SALIENT FEATURES

WORKING PRINCIPLE

APPROACH, CONCEPTS & STRUCTURE

APPLICATIONS

CONCLUSION

CONTENTSCONTENTS

Richard P. FeynmanRichard P. Feynman

FEYNMANFEYNMAN

There is a plenty of room at the bottomThere is a plenty of room at the bottom

The principles of physics do not speak against the possibility of maneuvering things atom by atom

SO WHAT IS IT?SO WHAT IS IT?Anything smaller than Molecular technology Anything smaller than Molecular technology

Size of nanoscale Size of nanoscale

Every atom in the right placeEvery atom in the right place

ZettatechnologyZettatechnology

SO WHAT IS IT?SO WHAT IS IT?

Nanotechnology is basically Nanotechnology is basically mechanisms that have been built by mechanisms that have been built by nanoscale components using to place nanoscale components using to place every atom and molecule in a desired every atom and molecule in a desired placeplace

Extending……Extending……

MNT Molecular Nano TechnologyMNT Molecular Nano Technology

NSE Nano Scale EngineeringNSE Nano Scale Engineering

MMT Molecular ManufacturingMMT Molecular Manufacturing TechnologyTechnology

MMS Molecular Machine SystemMMS Molecular Machine System

IN NUTSHELLIN NUTSHELL

LIFE SCIENCELIFE SCIENCE

PHYSICAL SCIENCEPHYSICAL SCIENCE

MATERIAL SCIENCEMATERIAL SCIENCE

INFORMATION SCIENCEINFORMATION SCIENCE

NANOTECHNOLOGY BASICSNANOTECHNOLOGY BASICS

UNDERSTANDING SIZEUNDERSTANDING SIZE

How big (small) are we talking about?How big (small) are we talking about?


1 meter1 meter


10 centimeters10 centimeters


1 centimeter1 centimeter


100 micrometers100 micrometers


10 micrometers10 micrometers


1 micrometer1 micrometer


100 nanometers100 nanometers


10 nanometers10 nanometers


1 nanometer1 nanometer

NANOMETER………..(nm)NANOMETER………..(nm)

A nanometer is one billionth of a meter A nanometer is one billionth of a meter (10-9 m). This is roughly ten times the size (10-9 m). This is roughly ten times the size of an individual atom.of an individual atom.

SALIENT FEATURESSALIENT FEATURES


At atomic and molecular scales, in the length At atomic and molecular scales, in the length scale of approximately 1 - 100 nanometer scale of approximately 1 - 100 nanometer rangerange

Fundamentally new properties and functions Fundamentally new properties and functions because of their nanoscale structurebecause of their nanoscale structure


Ability to control , to see, measure, and Ability to control , to see, measure, and manipulate matter on the atomic scale to manipulate matter on the atomic scale to exploit those properties and functionsexploit those properties and functions

Ability to integrate those properties and Ability to integrate those properties and functions into systems spanning from nano- functions into systems spanning from nano- to macro-scopic scalesto macro-scopic scales

WORKING OF WORKING OF

NANOTECHNOLOGYNANOTECHNOLOGY

How does Nanotechnology work?

1.Atoms are the building blocks for all matter in our universe.

2. Atoms and molecules stick together because they have complementary shapes that lock together, or charges that attract. Just like with magnets, a positively charged atom will stick to a negatively charged atom.

3.Every atom has a exhibits different property at various conditions

4.The goal of nanotechnology is to manipulate atoms individually and place them in a pattern to produce a desired structure.

APPROACHES..APPROACHES..

Two approaches can be taken when making Two approaches can be taken when making something at the nano scale: something at the nano scale:

Top-Down approachTop-Down approach

Bottom-Up approachBottom-Up approach

TOP DOWN APPROACHTOP DOWN APPROACH

The top-down approach is analogous to making The top-down approach is analogous to making a stone statue. a stone statue.

The process involves wastage.The process involves wastage.

Used in fibresUsed in fibres

Seldom used in MNTSeldom used in MNT

BOTTOM UP APPROACHBOTTOM UP APPROACH

Approach one would take to building a houseApproach one would take to building a house

Less wastage, as strong covalent bonds will hold Less wastage, as strong covalent bonds will hold the constituent parts together. the constituent parts together.

Limited in how big the structures can be made Limited in how big the structures can be made

Approach used currentlyApproach used currently

MANIPULATIONMANIPULATION

Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)

Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)

Virtual Surface Profiling Microscope Virtual Surface Profiling Microscope (VSPM)(VSPM)

CONCEPTSCONCEPTS

Direct Molecular Assembly (DMA)Direct Molecular Assembly (DMA)

Indirect Crystalline Assembly (ICA)Indirect Crystalline Assembly (ICA)

Massive Parallel Assembly (MPA)Massive Parallel Assembly (MPA)

STRUCTURESTRUCTURE

Nano compositesNano composites

Nano spheresNano spheres

Nano crystalsNano crystals

Nano tubes & Quantum dotsNano tubes & Quantum dots

OBSTACLESOBSTACLES

• Fragile and unstable nature of nanoparticles

• Fusing together of nano particles when their surfaces touch

• Loss of special shape and properties

APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS

COMPUTERS

•Single atom can be in two places, hence 03 atoms can represent all eight nos at a given time.

•Extrapolation of the above fact .

•Each logic elements made from a few atoms

•Mass storage device in size of a sugar cube

COMPUTERSCOMPUTERS

• Tiny nano-engineered ferroelectric crystals could realize of creating nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM).

• Cool chips

MEDICINEMEDICINE

Fluids of nano particles Fluids of nano particles

Slow down ageing processSlow down ageing process

No scar surgeriesNo scar surgeries

Artificial limbsArtificial limbs

MEDICINEMEDICINE

Cancer and HIVCancer and HIV

Nano filters- capable of absorbing virusesNano filters- capable of absorbing viruses

Nano catalyst – improves efficiency of a Nano catalyst – improves efficiency of a reaction.reaction.

Applications ContdApplications Contd

AgricultureAgriculture

SpaceSpace

MilitaryMilitary

TelecommunicationTelecommunication

Applications Contd..Applications Contd..

SportsSports

EnergyEnergy

EnvironmentEnvironment

………………....

FEARFEAR

Nuclear and atomic bombs can have Nuclear and atomic bombs can have different dimensionsdifferent dimensions

Cloning and miniaturizationCloning and miniaturization

Nano medicine- worrying factor!Nano medicine- worrying factor!

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

Improvements and developments in Improvements and developments in existing products, such as stronger and existing products, such as stronger and lighter materials.lighter materials.

Potential to initiate completely new Potential to initiate completely new products and industries that do not exist products and industries that do not exist today today

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

BIG FUTURE FOR THE TINY BIG FUTURE FOR THE TINY

TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

In the end......In the end......

As the As the size decreasessize decreases...computer will ...computer will compute faster, materials will be more compute faster, materials will be more stronger, stronger, medicine will cure more medicine will cure more diseasesdiseases..

The The technologytechnology that works at the that works at the nanometer scalenanometer scale of molecules and atom of molecules and atom will be a will be a large part of this future.large part of this future.

REFERENCESREFERENCES

Springer handbook of nanotechnologySpringer handbook of nanotechnology

http://peterindia.net/nanotechnologyhttp://peterindia.net/nanotechnology

http://microcosm.web.cern.ch.http://microcosm.web.cern.ch.

http://nanotoxicology.ufl.eduhttp://nanotoxicology.ufl.edu

http://nanotech-now.com http://nanotech-now.com

http://nanobot.infohttp://nanobot.info

THE NEXT THE NEXT BIG THING BIG THING IS REALLY IS REALLY SMALLSMALL

introduction to nanotechnology by lt cdr v pravin guided by dr d samanta

Documents

atom slide

approach slide

nanometer slide

mnt slide

feynman slide

centimeter slide

micrometer slide

desired place slide