introduction to muscles. skeletal motion skeletal muscles attach to skeleton, produce motion type of...

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INTRODUCTION TO MUSCLES

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Page 1: INTRODUCTION TO MUSCLES. SKELETAL MOTION Skeletal muscles attach to skeleton, produce motion Type of muscle attachment affects power, range, and speed

INTRODUCTION TO MUSCLES

Page 2: INTRODUCTION TO MUSCLES. SKELETAL MOTION Skeletal muscles attach to skeleton, produce motion Type of muscle attachment affects power, range, and speed

SKELETAL MOTION

• Skeletal muscles attach to skeleton, produce motion

• Type of muscle attachment affects power, range, and

speed of muscle movement

Page 3: INTRODUCTION TO MUSCLES. SKELETAL MOTION Skeletal muscles attach to skeleton, produce motion Type of muscle attachment affects power, range, and speed

MUSCLE ATTACHMENTS

• Origins and Insertions

• Muscles have one fixed point of attachment (origin)

• And one moving point of attachment (insertion)

• Most muscles originate or insert on the skeleton

• Origin is usually proximal to insertion

Page 4: INTRODUCTION TO MUSCLES. SKELETAL MOTION Skeletal muscles attach to skeleton, produce motion Type of muscle attachment affects power, range, and speed

11-3 MUSCLE ATTACHMENTS TO OTHER TISSUES

• Actions

• Movements produced by muscle contraction

• Body movements

• For example, flexion, extension, adduction, etc.

• Described in terms of bone, joint, or region

• Innervation

• Each muscle is supplied by a nerve or several nerve

branches

Page 5: INTRODUCTION TO MUSCLES. SKELETAL MOTION Skeletal muscles attach to skeleton, produce motion Type of muscle attachment affects power, range, and speed

11-3 MUSCLE ATTACHMENTS TO OTHER TISSUES

• Muscle Interactions

• Muscles work in groups to maximize efficiency

• Smaller muscles reach maximum tension first,

followed by larger, primary muscles

• Muscle Terminology Based on Function

• Agonist (or prime mover)

• Antagonist

• Synergist

Page 6: INTRODUCTION TO MUSCLES. SKELETAL MOTION Skeletal muscles attach to skeleton, produce motion Type of muscle attachment affects power, range, and speed

11-3 MUSCLE ATTACHMENTS TO OTHER TISSUES

• Agonist (Prime Mover)

• Produces a particular movement

• Antagonist

• Opposes movement of a particular agonist

• Synergist

• A smaller muscle that assists a larger agonist

• Helps start motion or stabilize origin of agonist (fixator)

Page 7: INTRODUCTION TO MUSCLES. SKELETAL MOTION Skeletal muscles attach to skeleton, produce motion Type of muscle attachment affects power, range, and speed

11-3 MUSCLE ATTACHMENTS TO OTHER TISSUES

• Muscle Opposition

• Agonists and antagonists work in pairs

• When one contracts, the other stretches

• Such as flexors–extensors, abductors–adductors, etc.

Page 8: INTRODUCTION TO MUSCLES. SKELETAL MOTION Skeletal muscles attach to skeleton, produce motion Type of muscle attachment affects power, range, and speed

11-4 NAMING SKELETAL MUSCLES

• Names of Skeletal Muscles

• Correct names of muscles include the term muscle

• Exceptions:

• Platysma

• Diaphragm

Page 9: INTRODUCTION TO MUSCLES. SKELETAL MOTION Skeletal muscles attach to skeleton, produce motion Type of muscle attachment affects power, range, and speed

11-4 NAMING SKELETAL MUSCLES

• Descriptive Names for Skeletal Muscles

• Location in the body

• Origin and insertion

• Fascicle organization

• Relative position

• Structural characteristics

• Action

Page 10: INTRODUCTION TO MUSCLES. SKELETAL MOTION Skeletal muscles attach to skeleton, produce motion Type of muscle attachment affects power, range, and speed

11-4 NAMING SKELETAL MUSCLES

• Divisions of the Muscular System1. Axial muscles• Position head and spinal column

• Move rib cage

• 60% of skeletal muscles

2. Appendicular muscles• Support pectoral and pelvic girdles

• Support limbs

• 40% of skeletal muscles

Page 11: INTRODUCTION TO MUSCLES. SKELETAL MOTION Skeletal muscles attach to skeleton, produce motion Type of muscle attachment affects power, range, and speed

AN OVERVIEW OF THE MAJOR SKELETAL MUSCLES

Axial Muscles

Frontal belly ofoccipitofrontalis

Temporoparietalis (reflected)

Temporalis

Sternocleidomastoid

Rectus abdominis

External oblique

Linea alba

Trapezius

ClavicleDeltoid

Pectoralis major

Latissimus dorsi

Serratus anterior

Biceps brachii

Triceps brachii

Brachialis

Pronator teres

Brachioradialis

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Palmaris longus

Flexor carpi radialis

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Sternum

Appendicular Muscles

An anterior view.ATLAS: Plates 1a; 39a–d

Page 12: INTRODUCTION TO MUSCLES. SKELETAL MOTION Skeletal muscles attach to skeleton, produce motion Type of muscle attachment affects power, range, and speed

AN OVERVIEW OF THE MAJOR SKELETAL MUSCLES

Iliotibial tract

Patella

Tibia

Inferior extensorretinaculum

Superior extensorretinaculum

Medial malleolus of tibia

Lateral malleolus of fibula

An anterior view.ATLAS: Plates 1a; 39a–d

Gluteus medius

Tensor fasciae lataeIliopsoasPectineus

Adductor longusGracilisSartoriusRectus femorisVastus lateralis

Vastus medialisGastrocnemiusFibularis longusTibialis anterior

SoleusExtensor digitorum longus

Appendicular Muscles

Page 13: INTRODUCTION TO MUSCLES. SKELETAL MOTION Skeletal muscles attach to skeleton, produce motion Type of muscle attachment affects power, range, and speed

AN OVERVIEW OF THE MAJOR SKELETAL MUSCLES

Trapezius

Deltoid

Teres major

Latissimus dorsi

Infraspinatus

Triceps brachii (long head)

Brachioradialis

Extensor carpi ulnaris

AnconeusFlexor carpi ulnaris

Extensor carpi radialis longus

External oblique

Occipital belly ofoccipitofrontalis

Sternocleidomastoid

Extensor digitorum

Appendicular Muscles

Triceps brachii (lateral head)

Teres minor

Rhomboid major

Axial Muscles

A posterior viewATLAS: Plates 1b; 40a,b

Page 14: INTRODUCTION TO MUSCLES. SKELETAL MOTION Skeletal muscles attach to skeleton, produce motion Type of muscle attachment affects power, range, and speed

AN OVERVIEW OF THE MAJOR SKELETAL MUSCLES

Calcanealtendon

Iliotibial tract

Calcaneus

Gluteus maximusTensor fasciae latae

Semitendinosus

Plantaris

Adductor magnus

Gracilis

SartoriusBiceps femoris

Semimembranosus

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

Gluteus medius

A posterior viewATLAS: Plates 1b; 40a,b

Appendicular Muscles