introduction to limbs sanjaya adikari department of anatomy
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction to limbs
Sanjaya AdikariDepartment of Anatomy
Main topics covered
• Skeleton
• Superficial nerves/veins – only the important
ones
• Dermatomes
• Muscle compartments – attachment & action
of muscle groups and their innervation
• Brachial plexus & lumbosacral plexus
Main topics….
• Special regions: axilla, cubital fossa, carpal
tunnel, snuff box, femoral triangle, cubital
fossa, gluteal region etc.
• Joints with ligaments
• Arterial anastomoses
• Lymph drainage
Skeleton• Axial
• Skull
• Vertebral column & ribs
• Appendicular
• Limb girdles
• Bones of the limbs
Upper limb
Skeleton
Shoulder/pectoral girdle
Arm
Fore arm
Wrist
Hand
(humerus)
(radius, ulna)
(carpal bones)
(metacarpals, phalanges)
Superficial veins & nerves
Dermatomes
Muscles of the shoulder
• Flexors
• Extensors
• Internal/medial rotators
• External/ lateral rotators
• Abductors
• Adductors
Compartments of the right arm• Anterior
Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
N:
musculocutaneo
us
C5, C6• Posterior
Triceps
N: Radial nerve
C7, C8
Contents of
the right arm
compartments
Compartments of the right forearm
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum profundus
Pronator quadratus
Pronator teres……….
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Brachial plexus
Axilla
Anterior wall
Posterior wall
Medial wall
Lateral wall
Apex
Floor
Transverse section
Cubital fossa
Anterior aspect of wrist
• Median and ulnar
nerves
• Radial and ulnar
arteries
• Tendons of flexor
muscles
• Flexor retinaculum
Carpal tunnel
Palmar branch of median nerve
Anatomical snuffbox
Hand
• Dorsum
• Palm
Joints with ligaments
Anastomosis around the elbow
Scapular anastomosis
Arterial anastomoses
Axillary lymph nodes
lateralapical
central
anteriorposterior
supraclavicularTo thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct
Lower limb
Skeleton
Thigh
Leg
Ankle
Foot
(femur)
(tibia, fibula)
(tarsal bones)
(metatarsals, phalanges)
Pelvic girdle
Skeleton of the foot
Superficial veins & nerves
Posterior arch vein
Adductor canal perforator
Below knee perforator
Lateral perforatorUpper medial perforator
Middle medial perforator
Lower medial perforatorLevel of medial malleolus
Dermatomes
Fascia Lata
Femoral sheath
Compartments of the right thigh
Fascia lata
Innervation
Anterior
compartment
Femoral nerve
Medial
compartment
Obturator nerve
Posterior
compartment
Sciatic nerve
Compartments of the right leg
Anterior
compartment
Deep peroneal
nerve
Lateral
compartment
Superficial
peroneal nerve
Posterior
compartment
Tibial nerve
Innervation
Lumbosacral plexus
Femoral triangle
Gluteal region
Popliteal fossa
Right
BicepsSeMemSeTend
GastrocGastroc
Popliteal surface of femur
Popliteus muscle
Foot
• Dorsum
• Sole
Arches of the foot
Medial longitudinal arch
Lateral longitudinal arch Transverse arch:
Joints with ligaments
Ligaments at the knee joint
Ligaments at the ankle
Trochanteric & Cruciate anastomoses
Inguinal lymph nodes
• Deep inguinal nodes
• Superficial inguinal
nodes
‐ Vertical group
‐ Horizontal group