introduction to law
DESCRIPTION
INTRODUCTION TO LAW. INTRODUCTION TO LAW. PART ONE. These slides are designed to make note-taking simpler. Most notes are drawn from the text. You will have a test on these notes as part of your your final exam. These slides are available on schoolwires. . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
These slides are designed to make note-taking simpler. Most notes are drawn from the text. You will have a test on these notes as part of your your final exam. These slides are available on schoolwires.
![Page 3: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Jurisprudence is the study of law and legal philosophy
What is LAW? Rules and
regulations MADE and ENFORCED by government that regulate the conduct of people in a society.
![Page 4: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Law is based on economic, social and political values
![Page 5: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Laws have Limitations
![Page 6: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Laws have Limitations
![Page 7: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Laws have Limitations
![Page 8: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The highest law:
The Supremacy Clause enables the Constitution to override any state or local law.
![Page 9: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Bill of Rights gives Americans individual rights
![Page 10: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Things you need to know
CHECKS and BALANCES- Federalism is a method whereby states can limit the power of the federal govt. Can you think of a state law that affects your life?
THE AMENDMENT PROCESS- 2/3’s of both houses must pass it OR a convention is called in 3/4’s of the states. In BOTH cases the amendment must be RATIFIED by 3/4s of the state legislatures. (38 states)
![Page 11: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
INITIATIVE and REFERENDUM allows voters to vote on individual questions.
RECALL ELECTIONS allow voters to reverse election results.
![Page 12: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Three branches of governmentExecutive Judicial Legislative
![Page 13: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Lobbyists are individuals expressing opinions in person and phone calls designed to influence how their congressperson votes
The number one lobbyist in the nation?
![Page 14: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Supreme Court’s job is to Interpret the Constitution and make rulings on appeals from lower courts. The justices determine LEGISLATIVE INTENT of a law and make their decisions
![Page 15: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
SETTLING DISPUTES OUT OF COURTNEGOTIATION is the process by which people involved in a dispute talk to each other about their problem and try to reach an acceptable solution.
ARBITRATION- both parties agree to have another person
listen to their arguments and make a decision for them.
![Page 18: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
MEDIATION takes place when a third person helps the disputing parties talk about their problem and settle their differences. In all cases, a SETTLEMENT is what is being sought.
![Page 19: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
TYPES OF LAWS: CRIMINALMISDEMEANOR
Sless than a year
in jail; less than a $500 fine
FELONIESmore than one year in prison: more than
a $500 fine
![Page 20: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
And CIVIL CIVIL laws concern disputes among
individuals- a CIVIL ACTION , or LAWSUIT, is between two parties.
![Page 21: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Difference between CIVIL and CRIMINAL systemsThe trial system in the US is an ADVERSARY SYSTEM. It is a contest between 2 sides. In CRIMINAL cases, the prosecution has the burden of proving the defendant guilty BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT. In a CIVIL case, the burden is on the plaintiff to prove his case by a PREPONDERANCE OF THE EVIDENCE.
![Page 22: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Contrary to popular belief, most criminal cases never go to trial. Many defendants who are convicted plead guilty before the trial. In major cases, guilty pleas result from a process of negotiation among the accused, the defense attorney, and the prosecutor.
The prosecution will allow the defendant to plead guilty to a lesser charge in exchange for a lighter sentence.
![Page 23: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Plea bargaining is used in this system
The adversary system is used here
Juries must be unanimous to have a decision
Most cases are settled through out of court settlements
![Page 25: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Voir dire is used to screen jurors
The Sixth amendment requires a jury trial
Cases are decided by a preponderance of the evidence
Cases are decided beyond a reasonable doubt.
The loser is held liable for damages
![Page 26: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
THE JURY IS THE FINDER OF FACTS
![Page 27: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Jurors are selected through a process known as a VOIR DIRE examination. Opposing lawyers may request the removal of a juror who appears incapable of rendering a fair verdict. This is called REMOVAL FOR CAUSE. Each attorney is also allowed a number of PEREMPTORY CHALLENGES, in which they do not have to state a cause for removal.
![Page 28: INTRODUCTION TO LAW](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/568161b1550346895dd17598/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
CRIMES MUST HAVE TWO ELEMENTS: An ACT and an INTENT. A MOTIVE is the reason WHY a person commits a crime
Who can identify
the first 2?