introduction to kingdom animalia lec(1)

Introduction to KingdomAnimalia

Function Biology II

Asad ManzoorDepartment of Agriculture and Agribusiness Management

CharacteristicsIntroduction to Kingdom Animalia

EukaryoticMulticellularNo cell wall, no chloroplastsMotileHeterotrophsSense Organs

Feeding HeterotrophsIntroduction to Kingdom Animalia

HERBIVORES- eat vegetation such as plants


CARNIVORES- eat other animals


OMNIVORES- feed on both vegetation & other animals

Trends In Animal EvolutionIntroduction to Kingdom Animalia

Cell SpecializationCephalizationEarly DevelopmentBody SymmetryBody Cavity Formation

Cell SpecializationSpecialized Cells

Tissues

Organs

Organ Systems

Cel l Specia l izat ionIntroduction to Kingdom Animalia

Cells Form TissuesEPITHELIAL (Skin, Lining Of Cavities)

CONNECTIVE (Bone, Blood)MUSCULAR (Heart, Biceps)NERVOUS (Brain, Nerves)

Cephal izat ionIntroduction to Kingdom Animalia

Concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at front end of body

Early DevelopmentIntroduction to Kingdom Animalia

Fertilization forms A zygoteBLASTULA (hollow ball of cells)GASTRULA (stage when layers that produce adult tissues form) GERM LAYER FORMATION

Body SymmetryIntroduction to Kingdom Animalia

Animal’s body plans are adapted for how they get their food

They may be motile (move) or sessile (don’t move)

3 Types Of Body SymmetryIntroduction to Kingdom Animalia

Asymmetrical-no symmetry (ex, sponge)


Bilateral- body plan in which single line can divide body into 2 equal parts


Radial-body plan in which body parts repeat around center of body

Anatomical TermsIntroduction to Kingdom Animalia

Dorsal- top or backVentral- bottomAnterior- head end that goes firstPosterior- tail end that followsLateral- along the side (lengthwise)

Anatomical TermsIntroduction to Kingdom Animalia

DorsalAnterior Posterior

Ventral

Body Cavity FormationIntroduction to Kingdom Animalia

ACOELOMATE- no body cavity b/w digestive tract and outer body wall

ex. Platyhelminthes (flatworms)


PSEUDOCOELOMATE- slight body cavity between the mesoderm and endodermEx. Nematoda (roundworms)


COELOMATE- body cavity forms and cushions organs, allows for growth of organs.

Ex. Annelids (earthworm)

2 Main Groupings Of AnimalsIntroduction to Kingdom Animalia

INVERTEBRATES95% of animal speciesNo backbone

VERTEBRATES5% of animal speciesContains backbone

Essential Functions Of Animals

Introduction to Kingdom Animalia

FEEDINGRESPIRATIONCIRCULATION

EXCRETIONRESPONSEMOVEMENT

REPRODUCTION

9 phyla we will mention Porifera—sponges Cnidaria—jellyfish, sea anemones, coral Platyhelminthes—flatworms Nematoda—roundworms Annelida—earthworms Mollusca—shelled animals Arthropoda—insects, spiders Echinodermata—spiny-skinned Chordata—vertebrates (and others)

Phylum Porifera(sponges) Asymmetrical Pores—filter

feeders Not motile (sessile) Provide habitat for

other animals Eaten by starfish

and some fish Most primitive

animal

Phylum Cnidaria(jellyfish, sea anemones, coral) Digestive cavity called

a coelenteron Radial symmetry Predators-feed on

crustaceans Corals provide

important habitat for fish

Coral used for decoration and threatened by pollution

All have stinging cells

Phylum Platyhelminthes(planarians, tapeworms, flukes) Bilateral symmetry Cephalization- head

and brain Acoelomate- no body

cavity Incomplete digestive

system (one opening) Some are parasites in

digestive tract In early 1900’s

models ate them to be thin—YUK!

Phylum Nematoda(roundworms) Also called nematodes Complete digestive

system-separate mouth and anus (2 openings)

Pseudocoelomate Decomposers,

predators (bacteria, inverts)

Eaten by insects, mice Beneficial to garden

by eating insects

Phylum Annelida(segmented worms) i.e. earthworms,

leeches True coelom Sensitive to vibrations

on ground-rain Prey for robins,

shrews, jays, snakes Leeches have

cornified knobs to break skin, anticoagulant and anesthetic

Phylum Mollusca(shelled…sometimes) i.e. snails, slugs,

clams, mussels, scallops, oysters, octopus and squid

Variety in form Giant squid = sea

serpent Introduction of

garden snails

Phylum Arthropoda(jointed legged animals) i.e. insects, spiders

and scorpions, shellfish (crustaceans), centipedes (1 pr legs per segment), millipedes (2 pr)

Exoskeleton Metamorphosis Pheromones Molting

Phylum Echinodermata(spiny-skinned) i.e. sea stars =

starfish, sea urchins Water vascular

system Tube feet Important

predators

Phylum Chordata(includes the vertebrates) i.e. fish, sharks,

amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

Notochord, nerve cord, gill slits, tail

introduction to kingdom animalia lec(1)

Education