‘Some look upon the wealthy Saxon and prosperous Protestant as an intruder and

interloper who, notwithstanding the prescription of three hundred years,

ought now to be deprived of his possessions and expelled from the soil

of Ireland.’

Steuart Trench quoted in Cullen, L.M., Life in Ireland

The ‘typical’ landlord owned about 2000 acres of land.

By 1876 less than 800 landlords owned half of Ireland.

13.3% of landowners who owned 23% of the land resided outside Ireland

36.6% resided in Ireland, but not on their own estates.

EVICTIONS1847-1850: 90,000 evictions

recorded 50,000 of those evictions took place between 1847 and 1850

1854-1880: annual rate of eviction dropped to 1.36 per

1,000 holdings

The New Departure

A compact made between Parnell, Davitt, and the Fenian leader John Devoy in June 1879

Fenians, parliamentarians and ‘advanced’ nationalists agreed to work together

The New Departure provided the basis for the effective prosecution of the Land War

Founded in Dublin in October 1879The key organization in the main phase of the Land War Widely representative committee of 54 No mechanism for controlling the executiveExecutive dominated by men of ‘advanced’ nationalist views More than 500 branches established

Irish National Land League

Open-air meetings, platform oratory, marching bandsDelayed evictions by legal meansPhysically impeded evictionsPrevented the replacement of evicted tenants Boycotting

Tactics employed by the Land League

British response to 1916

• Fifteen rebel leaders executed in early May (Casement in August)

• Executions carried out in a protracted, semi-secret manner

• Martial law imposed under a Military Governor, General Maxwell

• Civilians were dealt with under the statutory powers of the Defence of the Realm Act (DORA)

• Heavily armed mobile columns arrested 3340 men and 79 women throughout Ireland

Anglo-Irish War (1919-1921)

Tactics: guerrilla campaign of ambush and assassination

Campaign against British forcesMounted by the Irish Volunteers/IRABegan Jan. 21 1919: 9 Volunteers killed two policemen at an ambush in Soloheadbeg, Co. TipperaryApprox. 1200 people lost their lives during the conflict (405 police, 150 military, and an estimated 750 IRA and civilians.)

Irish delegation in Hans Place, London on the day after the signing.

Members of the Irish delegation consisted of Arthur Griffith, Robert Barton, Michael Collins, Eamonn Duggan and Charles Gavan-Duffy, with Erskine

Childers as principal secretary

“Eurostat, the EU Commission’s data agency has calculated the cost of the banking crisis in each EU country. The following focuses on the cost to general government budgets. Ireland has really taken one for Team EU.”

A Really Really Special Case Requires a Really Really Special Solution

Michael Taft, 15 Jan 2013