introduction to information security power point presentation 1
TRANSCRIPT
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A Career Walk through for
Information Security Professional
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From you From us
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The ten CBK domains are:[7]
Access Control Categories and Controls Control Threats and countermeasures
Application Security Software Based Controls Software Development Lifecycle and
Principles Business Continuity and Disaster
Recovery Planning Response and Recovery Plans Restoration Activities
Cryptography Basic Concepts and Algorithms Signatures and Certification Cryptanalysis Business Goals and Network Security
Information Security and Risk Management
Policies, Standards, Guidelines and Procedures
Risk Management Tools and Practices Planning and Organization
Legal, Regulations, Compliance and Investigations
Major Legal Systems Common and Civil Law Regulations, Laws and Information
Security Operations Security
Media, Backups and Change Control Management
Controls Categories Physical (Environmental) Security
Layered Physical Defense and Entry Points Site Location Principles
Security Architecture and Design Principles and Benefits Trusted Systems and Computing Base System and Enterprise Architecture
Telecommunications and Network Security
Network Security Concepts and Risks
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Academic Purpose - Internal
5
10% Managerial & Practice Management
•Willingness to manage or to personally execute necessary task
•Ability to Supervise a Multidisciplinary team and a small staff
40% Technical
•Information Processing Platform, OS, Networking in a global Distributed Environment, Security Techniques, technical experience in industrial design, risk analysis, physical and data security, auditing techniques
•Excellent Visionary Skill that focus on scalability , cost effectiveness and implementation ease20% Business•Information Flow multinational multiplatform networked environment•Business Dynamics, business Processes, good planning and goal setting
30% Interpersonal•Consulting Skill, Communication Skill, Legal Understanding, ability to work with all management level and resolve issues, Business Need with Security Requirement.
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Academic Purpose - Internal
6
There is no such thing as absolute security The three security goals are confidentiality, integrity
and availability Defense in depth as strategy When left on their own, People Tend to Make the
Worst Security Decision. Computer Security Depends on two types of
requirements: Functional and Assurance Security through obscurity is not an answer Security = Risk Management The three types of security controls are preventive,
detective and responsive Complexity is the enemy of security FUD does not work in selling security People, process, and technology are all needed to
adequately secure a system or facility Open disclosure of Vulnerability is good for security
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• Understand the definition of information security
• Comprehend the history of computer security and how it evolved into information security
• Understand the key terms and concepts of information security
• Outline the phases of the security systems development life cycle
• Understand the roles of professionals involved in information security within an organization
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Information security: a “well-informed sense of assurance that the information risks and controls are in balance.” —Jim Anderson, Inovant (2002)
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Began immediately after the first mainframes were developed
Groups developing code-breaking computations during World War II created the first modern computers
Physical controls to limit access to sensitive military locations to authorized personnel
Rudimentary in defending against physical theft, espionage, and sabotage
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Advanced Research Procurement Agency (ARPA) began to examine feasibility of redundant networked communications
Larry Roberts developed ARPANET from its inception
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ARPANET grew in popularity as did its potential for misuse
Fundamental problems with ARPANET security were identified No safety procedures for dial-up
connections to ARPANET Non-existent user identification and
authorization to system
Late 1970s: microprocessor expanded computing capabilities and security threats
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Information security began with Rand Report R-609 (paper that started the study of computer security)
Scope of computer security grew from physical security to include:
Safety of data
Limiting unauthorized access to data
Involvement of personnel from multiple levels of an organization
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Networks of computers became more common; so too did the need to interconnect networks
Internet became first manifestation of a global network of networks
In early Internet deployments, security was treated as a low priority
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The Internet brings millions of computer networks into communication with each other—many of them unsecured
Ability to secure a computer’s data influenced by the security of every computer to which it is connected
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“The quality or state of being secure—to be free from danger”
A successful organization should have multiple layers of security in place: Physical security Personal security Operations security Communications security Network security Information security
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The protection of information and its critical elements, including systems and hardware that use, store, and transmit that information
Necessary tools: policy, awareness, training, education, technology
C.I.A. triangle was standard based on confidentiality, integrity, and availability
C.I.A. triangle now expanded into list of critical characteristics of information
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The value of information comes from the characteristics it possesses: Availability Accuracy Authenticity Confidentiality Integrity Utility Possession
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NSTISSC Security Model
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Information System (IS) is entire set of software, hardware, data, people, procedures, and networks necessary to use information as a resource in the organization
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Computer can be subject of an attack and/or the object of an attack
When the subject of an attack, computer is used as an active tool to conduct attack
When the object of an attack, computer is the entity being attacked
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Impossible to obtain perfect security—it is a process, not an absolute
Security should be considered balance between protection and availability
To achieve balance, level of security must allow reasonable access, yet protect against threats
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Grassroots effort: systems administrators attempt to improve security of their systems
Key advantage: technical expertise of individual administrators
Seldom works, as it lacks a number of critical features:
Participant support
Organizational staying power
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Initiated by upper management Issue policy, procedures and processes Dictate goals and expected outcomes of
project Determine accountability for each required
action
The most successful also involve formal development strategy referred to as systems development life cycle
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Systems development life cycle (SDLC) is methodology and design for implementation of information security within an organization
Methodology is formal approach to problem-solving based on structured sequence of procedures
Using a methodology ensures a rigorous process avoids missing steps
Goal is creating a comprehensive security posture/program
Traditional SDLC consists of six general phases
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What problem is the system being developed to solve?
Objectives, constraints and scope of project are specified
Preliminary cost-benefit analysis is developed
At the end, feasibility analysis is performed to assesses economic, technical, and behavioral feasibilities of the process
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Consists of assessments of the organization, status of current systems, and capability to support proposed systems
Analysts determine what new system is expected to do and how it will interact with existing systems
Ends with documentation of findings and update of feasibility analysis
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Main factor is business need; applications capable of providing needed services are selected
Data support and structures capable of providing the needed inputs are identified
Technologies to implement physical solution are determined
Feasibility analysis performed at the end
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Technologies to support the alternatives identified and evaluated in the logical design are selected
Components evaluated on make-or-buy decision
Feasibility analysis performed; entire solution presented to end-user representatives for approval
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Needed software created; components ordered, received, assembled, and tested
Users trained and documentation created
Feasibility analysis prepared; users presented with system for performance review and acceptance test
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Consists of tasks necessary to support and modify system for remainder of its useful life
Life cycle continues until the process begins again from the investigation phase
When current system can no longer support the organization’s mission, a new project is implemented
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The same phases used in traditional SDLC may be adapted to support specialized implementation of an IS project
Identification of specific threats and creating controls to counter them
SecSDLC is a coherent program rather than a series of random, seemingly unconnected actions
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Identifies process, outcomes, goals, and constraints of the project
Begins with enterprise information security policy
Organizational feasibility analysis is performed
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Documents from investigation phase are studied
Analyzes existing security policies or programs, along with documented current threats and associated controls
Includes analysis of relevant legal issues that could impact design of the security solution
The risk management task begins
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Creates and develops blueprints for information security
Incident response actions planned: Continuity planning
Incident response
Disaster recovery
Feasibility analysis to determine whether project should continue or be outsourced
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Needed security technology is evaluated, alternatives generated, and final design selected
At end of phase, feasibility study determines readiness of organization for project
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Security solutions are acquired, tested, implemented, and tested again
Personnel issues evaluated; specific training and education programs conducted
Entire tested package is presented to management for final approval
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Perhaps the most important phase, given the ever-changing threat environment
Often, reparation and restoration of information is a constant duel with an unseen adversary
Information security profile of an organization requires constant adaptation as new threats emerge and old threats evolve
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Wide range of professionals required to support a diverse information security program
Senior management is key component; also, additional administrative support and technical expertise required to implement details of IS program
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Chief Information Officer (CIO) Senior technology officer Primarily responsible for advising senior
executives on strategic planning Chief Information Security Officer (CISO)
Primarily responsible for assessment, management, and implementation of IS in the organization
Usually reports directly to the CIO
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A number of individuals who are experienced in one or more facets of technical and non-technical areas: Champion Team leader Security policy developers Risk assessment specialists Security professionals Systems administrators End users
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Data Owner: responsible for the security and use of a particular set of information
Data Custodian: responsible for storage, maintenance, and protection of information
Data Users: end users who work with information to perform their daily jobs supporting the mission of the organization
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Group of individuals united by similar interest/values in an organization
Information Security Management and Professionals
Information Technology Management and Professionals
Organizational Management and Professionals
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Access Asset Attack Control, Safeguard
or Countermeasure Exploit Exposure Hacking Object Risk
Security Blueprint Security Model Security Posture or
Security Profile Subject Threats Threat Agent Vulnerability
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Information security is a “well-informed sense of assurance that the information risks and controls are in balance.”
Computer security began immediately after first mainframes were developed
Successful organizations have multiple layers of security in place: physical, personal, operations, communications, network, and information.
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Security should be considered a balance between protection and availability
Information security must be managed similar to any major system implemented in an organization using a methodology like SecSDLC