introduction to hspf and the model … #2 introduction to hspf ... correct air temperature simulate...
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LECTURE #2
INTRODUCTION TO HSPF AND THE MODEL APPLICATION PROCESS
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HSPF:HYDROLOGIC SIMULATION PROGRAM - FORTRAN
• Continuous simulation model
• Natural and developed watersheds and water systems
• Land surface and subsurface hydrology and quality processes
• Stream/lake hydraulics and water quality processes
• Time series data management and storage
• Time series data statistical analysis and operations
• Core watershed model in EPA BASINS and Army Corps WMS
• Development and maintenance activities sponsored by U.S. EPA and U.S. Geological Survey
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CONTINUOUS SIMULATION
Representing hydrologic processes, storages, and pathways (fluxes) for a watershed, continuously for many days to multiple years, with time steps of one day or less, usually in the range of minutes to hours
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RESULTS FROM CONTINUOUS SIMULATION
Daily Flow Flow Duration/Frequency
Storm Hydrographs
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COMPONENTS OF WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS AND POLLUTION
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COMPONENTS OF WATERSHED WATER QUALITY MODELS
Nonpoint Loading Simulation
Instream Simulation
• Runoff quantity - surface and subsurface• Sediment erosion/solids loading • Runoff quality• Atmospheric deposition• Inputs needed by instream simulation
• Hydraulics• Sediment transport • Sediment-contaminant interactions• Water quality constituents and processes• Point source accommodation• Lake/reservoir simulation• Benthal processes and impacts
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HSPF APPLICATION & UTILITY MODULES (Version 12, 2001)
PERLND IMPLND RCHRES
Snow Snow HydraulicsWater Water ConservativeSediment Solids TemperatureQuality Quality SedimentPesticide NonconservativeNitrogen BOD/DOPhosphorus NitrogenTracer Phosphorus
CarbonPlankton
BMP
Flow
Any constituentsimulated in PERLND, IMPLND or RCHRES
APPLICATION MODULES
UTILITY MODULESCOPY, MUTSIN, PLTGEN, DURANL, GENER, DISPLY, REPORT
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PERLND
MSTLAY
PEST
NITR
PHOS
TRACER
ATEMP
SNOW
PWATER
SEDMNT
PSTEMP
PWTGAS
PQUAL
PERLND STRUCTURE CHART
AGCHEM
Correct air temperature
Simulate a pervious land segment
Simulate snow and ice
Simulate water budget
Simulate sediment
Estimate soil temperature(s)
Estimate water temperature and gas concentrations
Simulate general quality constituents
Estimate solutetransport
Simulate pesticides
Simulate nitrogen
Simulate phosphorus
Simulate a conservativetracer
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IMPLND STRUCTURE CHART
ATEMP SNOW IWATER SOLIDS IWTGAS IQUAL
IMPLND
Simulate a segment of impervious
land
Simulate quality
constituentsusing simplerelationshipswith solids
and/or wateryield
Simulate water
budget for impervious
land segment
Accumulate and remove
solids
Simulate water
temperature and
dissolved gas concs.
(see module PERLND)
(see module PERLND)
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Simulate constituentsinvolved in biochem-ical transformations
RCHRES
HYDR
ADCALC
CONS
GQUAL
RQUAL
HTRCH
SEDTRN
RCHRES STRUCTURE CHART
Simulate hydraulic behavior
Simulate a reach or mixed reservoir
Estimate advective behavior of constituents
Simulate conservativeconstituents
Simulate heat exchange andwater temperature
Simulate inorganicsediment
Simulate generalized quality constituents
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SEGMENTATION OF COMPLEX WATERSHEDS FOR MODELING
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SOIL PROFILE REPRESENTATION BY THE AGCHEM MODULE
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HSPF - STRENGTHS• Comprehensive representation of watershed land and
stream processes• Comprehensive representation of watershed pollutant sources,
including nonpoint sources (by multiple land uses), point sources, atmospheric, etc.
• Flexibility and adaptability to a wide range of watershedconditions
• Well-designed code modularity and structure• Companion database and support programs to assist model
users (e.g., WDMUtil, WinHSPF, GenScn, HSPEXP)• Ongoing development and support by U.S. EPA and
U.S.G.S.• Continuing code enhancements funded by numerous groups
• Strict code version control through joint agreement of U.S. EPA& U.S.G.S.
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HSPF - IDENTIFIED/PERCEIVED LIMITATIONS AND WEAKNESSES
• Extensive data requirements (e.g., hourly rainfall) – BASINS helps
• User training normally required – BASINS helps
• No comprehensive parameter guidance available – BASINS helps
• Limited spatial definition (i.e., lumped parameter approach)
• Hydraulics limited to non-tidal freshwater systems andunidirectional flow
• Simplified representation of urban drainage systems (e.g.,culverts, pipes, CSOs)
• Limited representation of algal species - phytoplankton,zooplankton, benthic algae – 3 types of BA in V 12
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HSPF - RECENT ENHANCEMENTS AND DEVELOPMENTS
• Wetlands and shallow water-table hydrologic capabilities (funded by SFWMD)
• Multiple benthic algae species incorporated (Version 13, funded by NV group)
• Implementation of water quality linkage between land segments for modeling buffer strips, riparian zones, grass waterways, etc. (funded by MPCA)
• Irrigation capabilities added to define application methods and sources(funded by SFWMD)
• Simplified snow algorithms (degree-day method) added to minimizemeteorologic data needs (funded by EPA OW/OST for use within BASINS)
• Online interactive HSPF HELP available (complete HSPF Manual, V.11 inWindows) (funded by USGS)
• Development of Scenario Analysis (GENSCN) GUI software for generation, display, and evaluation of watershed model scenarios(funded by USGS & EPA)
• BMP and REPORT modules developed (funded by TMDL studies in Georgia)
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THE BASINS/HSPF APPLICATION PROCESS
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THE MODELING PROCESS
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III • Analysis of alternatives
• (Post-audit)
• Validation
• Calibration
• Parameter evaluation
• Model input preparation
• Data collection
ModelTesting
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HSPF APPLICATION PROCESS
• Study definition
• Development of modeling strategy
• Learn operational aspects of HSPF
• Input/management of time series data
• Parameter development
• Calibration/validation
• Analysis of alternate scenarios
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STUDY DEFINITION
• Problems/questions for analysis, study goals
• Data availability
• Project resource availability (time, money, expertise)
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MODELING STRATEGY
• Processes, constituents, and sources to be modeled
• Watershed segmentation (spatial and temporal detail)
• Channel segmentation and tributary areas
• Data to support modeling effort
• Human impacts, alternatives to be analyzed
• Develop simulation plan
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CONSTITUENT SOURCES IN HSPF
• Initial storages
• Nonpoint loadings
• Point loadings
• Atmospheric deposition
• Chemical transformations
• Releases from the channel bottom
• Atmospheric gas invasion
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ObservedValues
+ ERROR
MODEL(System Representation)
NATURAL SYSTEM
SYSTEM INPUTS
ParameterEstimation
+ ERROR
+ ERROR
MODEL VERSUS NATURAL SYSTEM:INPUTS, OUTPUTS, AND ERRORS
+ ERROR
MODEL TESTINGSystem Outputs
+ ERRORModel Outputs Calibration/Validation
ObservedValues
CalibrationParameterAdjustment
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ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
• Definition of alternatives
• Selection of constituents and numeric/statistical measures
• Representation of alternatives– input changes– system configuration– parameter changes
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RELATIVE EFFORT FOR HSPF APPLICATION STEPS (through calibration/validation)
TASK % EFFORT
• Problem definition 5
• Modeling strategy 10
• Learn operational aspects 10
• Development and input of 30time series
• Parameter development 15
• Calibration and validation 30
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REPRESENTATIVE HSPF PROJECT SCHEDULE
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WATERSHED ASSESSMENT WITH BASINS/HSPF
BASINS Provides Application Steps Other Inputs / Issues
RelatedWorkshopExercises
Study DefinitionModeling Strategy(Simulation Plan)
Tools for Watershed Delineation and Segmentation;
GIS Data Layers
Stakeholders, TMDL Needs,Watershed Assessment, Water Resources
Issues, Local Data Availability
1, 2,5
Input/Management of Time Series Data
WDM Meteorologic Data,BASINS Data,
WDMUtil Software
USGS, National Weather Service,Local Sources
3
Parameter DevelopmentModel Setup
GIS Data Layers / Tools, HSPFParm and WinHSPF
Software
Soils, Landuse, Land Practices,Other Local Data;
External GIS Capabilities4, 15
Water QualityCalibration/Validation
WinHSPF/GenScn Functionality and
Post-Processing
Stakeholder and Advisory GroupReviews, Calibration and Validation
Targets, Acceptable Uncertainty
HydrologyCalibration/Validation
WinHSPF/GenScn Functionality and
Post-Processing
Stakeholder and Advisory GroupReviews, Calibration and Validation
Targets, Acceptable Uncertainty6, 7, 8
9, 10, 11, 12, 13
Scenario AnalysisWinHSPF/GenScn To Facilitate Analysis
Local Stakeholder Needs,Regulatory Requirements,
Public Health Issues14
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CASE STUDY INTRODUCTION
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PATUXENT RIVER BASIN
Lost Cr. Res.
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PATUXENT STUDY
• Initiated in 1985 by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Maryland Department of the Environment
• Nonpoint source nutrient loadings
• Representative of other subbasins of the Chesapeake Bay
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MAJOR ISSUES
• Substantial commercial, residential, and industrial development
• Investigate effects of future growth on water quality
• Planning growth to minimize potential adverse effects
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Lost Cr. Res.
WESTERN BRANCH
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WESTERN BRANCH
• Discharges directly to the Patuxentestuary
• Land use 45% Forest/Wetland, 25% Agriculture, 25% Urban
• Gage at Upper Marlboro, drainage area about 90 square miles
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WATER QUALITY CONSTITUENTS SIMULATED
• Water Temperature• Sediment• Dissolved Oxygen, BOD• Nitrogen – NH3, NO2/NO3, Org N• Phosphorus – PO4, Org P• Plankton – Phytoplankton, Benthic
Algae (as Chl a)