introduction to heat pumps
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Heat pump
W. HulshorstNov. 2008
Business Connecting and Development
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Agenda
1)Introduction
2) Overview of heatpumps (Europe)
3) Airsource heatpump technology
4) Coeffcient of performance
5) installation of heatpumps
6) case study with RETscreenBusiness Connecting and Development
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What is a heatpump?
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• A device that transfers heat energy
• Examples: air conditioner; refrigerator
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Bicycle pump
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Heat
P x V / T = C
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Airco heat transfer
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Hot air
Cold air
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Heat transfer
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1. Condensor2. Expansion3. Evaporator4. Compressor
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Heating and cooling mode
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Air heat pumps are ideal for mild climates
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Other types of heat pump
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Ground heat pumpIn this solution the heat pumpuses a pipe-loop buried abouta metre below ground.
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Other types of heat pump
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Water heat pumps A water heat pump is a variantof the ground heat pump. The only difference is that it uses a hose on the lake floor (or otherwater source) instead of a pipe buried below ground.
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Other types of heat pump
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Rock heat humpsA rock heat pump is another variant of ground heat pumps, and a very common one. Thesystem uses the solar energy stored in the rock shelf and the loop is lowered into a 100–150 metres bore hole in the rock.
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Choice of technology
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Type of heat pump
Common capacity range
Application Dominant region
Air- Air 3 – 5 kW Heating + cooling
Southern Europe
Ground soil 5 – 25 kW Heating Northern + Central Europe
Ground rock 5 – 40 kW Heating + cooling
Northern + Central Europe
Lake water 15 – 40 kW Heating
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Efficiency
Heat pump
3 – 5 kWhof heat
2 – 4 kWhof air heat
1 kWh electricity
Coefficient of performance (COP):
COP = Output/Input = 3 to 5
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COP
• Larger temperature difference means less COP• Air type is less efficient at low ambient temperatures.
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Design
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The design and installation of a heat pump system must also address:
• the duct system must be correctly designed to work with the heat pump equipment and to distribute conditioned air sufficiently throughout the house;
• the duct system must be properly installed and sealed to ensure its performance.
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installation
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In general, correct heat pump installation can be achievedby addressing four critical areas:
1. the indoor air handler, especially the airflow over the fan-coil unit and through the forced air duct system;
2. the refrigerant system, especially the refrigerant charge;
3. the outdoor unit, especially its air supply; and
4. the control system, especially the thermostat that turns the equipment on and off.
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Maintenance (1)
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In general: • Dirty filters, coils and fans reduce airflow through the system
• The fan should be cleaned
• Ductwork should be inspected and cleaned
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Maintenance (2)
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Heat pump manufacturers recommend that homeowners consider the following operational and maintenance issues:• a heat pump works most efficiently when it maintains a constant room temperature; avoid large temperature changes overnight or during the day;• the system will periodically go into defrost mode to remove any ice build up on the outdoor coil in the winter;• the outdoor unit should be positioned above the prevailing snow-line, with suitable clearance around the unit maintained all year round;• expect the unit to run continuously in periods with low outdoor temperatures, or switch over to the supplementary heating system.
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Thanks for your attention
Walter HulshorstEcon International B.V. PO box 50356802 EA ArnhemThe Netherlands
T: + 31 (0)61 047 45 77F: + 31 (0)26 381 64 82E: [email protected]: www.econ-international.nl
Business Connecting and Development
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Case Study
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• Residential Heat pump– 550 m2– Heating load: 18.4 W/m2– Cooling load: 28.4 W/m2
• Base Case– Diesel Boiler: 78% seasonal efficiency– AirCo: CoP 3