introduction to gprs

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Introduction to GPRSIntroduction to GPRS

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Background Current trends in mobile markets:Current trends in mobile markets:

• Mobile traffic is growing faster than fixed traffic— More than 400 million GSM mobile phones— Prediction: In 10 years # mobiles > # of PSTN lines

• Data traffic is growing faster than voice traffic— More than 150 million Internet users worldwide growing — Many fixed network operators carry more data traffic than

voice

• Mobile traffic growth + Data traffic growth = GPRS growth!

• In many countries, majority of people have a mobile phone

• Mobile operators have to stay competitive — Setting competetive tariffs— Offering value-added services

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Internet Growth Rates

© eTForecasts0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1989 1990 1995 1999 2000 2002 2005

in m

illio

n

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Driving Forces for the Internet Growth

• low cost PCs• email• Intranet harmonisation• growing content in the Web• business to business electronic commerce• business to consumer electronic commerce• etc.

today

• broadband connections (last mile)• mobile commerce• Web enabled mobile phones• Web based radio and TV• etc.

and tomorrow

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Number of GSM customers worldwide (Dec 2002)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Dec 97 Dec 98 Dec 99 Dec 00 Dec 01 Dec 02 Dec 03 Dec 04 Dec 05

estimates

in m

illio

n

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SMS Growth Worldwide

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Jan 0

0

Apr 0

0Jul 0

0

Okt 0

0

Jan 0

1

Apr 0

1Jul 0

1

Okt 0

1

Jan 0

2

Apr 0

2Jul 0

2

Billion

Jan 00 Jul 00 Jul 01 Jul 02Jan 00 Jan 02

Source: GSM Association

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GSM Publik Land Mobile NetworkBSS

BSS

NSS

PSTN/ISDN

MS

NMS

Network Switching Subsystem

• Switching• Mobility

Management(incl. authentication)

• Connection Management

• ChargingBase Station Subsystem

• Radio Resource Management(incl. Transcoding)

• Radio Link Management

Network Management System

• Fault Management• Configuration Management• Performance Management

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GSM Publik Land Mobile Network

BSC

BTS

BTS

TRAU

BSC

BTS

BTS

TRAU

BSS

BSS

NSS

MSC/VLR GMSC

HLREIR AC

PSTN/ISDN

MS

NMS

A

A

Um

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Tasks of NMS:• Fault management• Configuration management• Performance management

BSC

HLR/AC/EIR

TCSM

MSC/VLR

UnixWorkstations

Database andCommunications

Servers

NMS/2000

GSM Network

Router

DataCommunicationsNetwork (DCN)

Network Management Subsystem

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Mobile Stations

Base Station Subsystem Network Management System

BaseTransceiverStations

Base StationController

TranscoderSubmultiplexer

Digital CrossConnect

A-Interface Air Interface X.25 Interface Abis Interface

IN Service Control PointShort MessageService Centre

Voicemail

Mobile Switching Centre/Visitor Location Register

Home Location Register/Authentication Centre/Equipment IdentityRegister

Network Subsystem

PSTN/ISDN

CommunicationsServer

DataCommunication

Network

Database Server

Workstations

NetworkPlanningSystem

NetworkMeasurementSystem

TCP/IP

Data CommunicationsServer

GSM network architecture

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Radio Interface Concepts

Duplex Transmission

Frequency Division Duplex Time Division Duplex

frequency

time

frequencytim

e

Uplin

k

Uplink

Uplink

Uplink

Dow

nlin

k

Downlink

Downlink

Downlink

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Radio Interface Concepts

frequency

tim

e

mob

ile p

hone

1

mob

ile p

hone

4

mob

ile p

hone

2m

obile

pho

ne 3

carrier band 200 kHz

TDMA frame= 8 timeslots

012345

76

012345

76

012345

frequencytim

e

TDMA frame

FrequencyDivision Multiple Access

TimeDivision Multiple Access

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Circuit switched

Packet switched

Circuit switched vs. Packet switched

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Telephone

networks

Packet switched

Data

networks

Physical circuitPCM-tsl(CONS)

• End-to-end connection (call) establishment needed

• Dedicated resources (e.g. PCM-tsl) for one user are reserved during call establishment

• Only 30 - 40% of resources are effectively used for speech transfer

• Speech is transferred in real time

• Speech does not accept delays• Errors in transmission are not so

critical for speech• Charging is usually based on

time

Virtual circuit (VC) No VC

X.25 IP (CONS) (CLNS)

• No connection needed• Resources are shared between

different user sessions, not dedicated

• Resources are requested on demand, more efficient use

• Packets are not sent in real time buffering and delay

• Error correction and detection possible

• Charging is usually based on volume number of packets

Circuit switched

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Subscribers’ Point of View

content

content

Networkserver

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PSTN Data Service

content

content

Networkserver

telephonynetwork

infrastructure

ModemRemote Access Server

PacketData

Networke.g. Internet

Telco is offering a bearer (= bit tunnel)to the requested Packet Data Network

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telephonynetwork

infrastructure

GSM-PSTN Data Service

content

content

Networkserver

RemoteAccessServer

PacketData

Networke.g. Internet

Telcos are offering a bearer (= bit tunnel)to the requested Packet Data Network

(G)MSC

PLMN

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Overcoming the Bottleneck Um Increased data transmission rates

via new Coding Schemes

CS-19.05kbps

CS-213.4kbps

CS-315.6kbps

CS-421.4kbps

Bundling of up to 8 physical channels

“Net” transmission rate up to171.2 kbps

data rates onon physical channel(one timeslot)

All physical channelsmust be located onthe same TRX

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CS traffic leaves some capacity for PS traffic

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1:00 PM 1:15 PM 1:30 PM 1:45 PM

TCH

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 0:00

TC

H

GPRS packets can be transmitted using free GSM capacity

Circuit switched traffic has priority!

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SMS

PictureMessaging

MultimediaMessageService

MobileMultimedia

Text Text &Graphics

Digitalimageinput

Newcontent

types

Time

Versatility of Contentand User Benefits

Messaging

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Push to Talk Group Communication

Other active members of thegroup hear the speech

Push key and Talk!

• Group call is real time voice service to selected group

• Users create URL groups on terminals and invite (SMS) other subscribers to join the group talk

• Scanning monitors multiple listen groups

Backbone Network

SUN

Push to Talk Service

GPRS Network

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Business users• Corporate intranet access• Mobile ISP for small enterprises

Industrial applications

Private users• Demand for value-added services• Messaging • Internet

Who are the GPRS users?

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Mobile Access Operator

• Operator acts as transparent bit-pipe

• Limited differentiation possibilities: price, bit rate, availability, etc.

• The ISPs control the end-customers through actual services and content access

• Small risks for the operator: low cost, small revenue opportunity

Internet

WWWWWW

ISP orcontentprovider

Operator Type 1

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Full-Service Operator

Content providers

Corporations

Internet

MultimediaServiceCenter

SMS, SMS, HSCSD, HSCSD, GPRS,GPRS,3rd generation3rd generation

• Operator adds value by offering services with value to the end-user

• Opportunity to differentiate:— customer loyalty— new customers and

revenue streams— brand recognition

• Higher risk, new competencies required

Operator Type 2

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Key learning points (1/3)• GPRS uses a packet-based technique which will

enhance GSM data services significantly, especially for bursty Internet/intranet traffic.

• Some application examples: — bus, train, airline information— locating restaurants and entertainment venues— weather information— security information — lottery— e-commerce — banking— e-mail— web browsing

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Key learning points (2/3)• The main advantages of GPRS for users:

— Instant access to data as if connected to an office LAN

— Charging based on amount of data transferred (not the time connected)

— Higher transmission speeds

• The main advantages for operators: — Fast network roll-out with minimum investment— Excess voice capacity used for GPRS data— Smooth path to 3G services

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Key learning points (3/3)• In circuit switching each time a connection is required

between two points, a link between the two points is established and the needed resources are reserved for the use of that single call for the complete duration of the call.

• In packet switching, the data to be transferred is divided up into packets, which are then sent through the network and re-assembled at the receiving end.

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1. Give an example of a CS network and identify three characteristics. :

PSTN, classical mobile telephony networksa) Connection orientatedb) Optimised for speech transmission (real-time

and low arrival jitter)c) No error correction

Review

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Internet (IP), X.25, Frame Relaya) User data organised in packetsb) Connectionless (e.g IP) and connection

oriented (e.g. X.25) network solutions are available

c) Non-real time data transferd) Statistical multiplexing

2. Give an example of a packet switched network and identify three characteristics.

Review

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3. Name two benefits of GPRS. a) Increased radio interface efficiencyb) Charging based on volume is possiblec) Higher data rates are possible – in comparison

to GSMd) Coverage holes do not automatically result in

data losses for the end usere) Smooth transition to 3Gf) Always-connected access to data networksg) New data services can be appliedh) Fast network roll-out is possible

Review

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4. Give three examples of services that could be carried over GPRS.

a) WAPb) e-mailc) e-commerced) industrial applications – telemetrye) corporate accessf) gaming

Review

introduction to gprs

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