introduction to git
DESCRIPTION
This was a presentation I gave to the Boston PHP Meetup on October 2, 2013.TRANSCRIPT
Introduction to Git10/2/2013
Rick [email protected]
@rickumalihttp://tech.rickumali.com/
This presentation is on Google Drive at:
http://sn.im/git-talk-2013
There you can read the 'speaker notes' for this presentation.
What is Source Control?
Source code control is the most important practice a coding professional can do.
A mechanism to track changes in source code.
Used for version history, auditing, and recovery.
Revision Control Example: Wiki
Revision Control Example: Git
You’ll learn how to make a repository like this.
Git
Git is an open source, distributed version control system designed for speed and efficiency.
Freedom
No "server" required
Unique architecture
Warning: Command Line Ahead
Our Example: A Basic Drupal Module
Creating a Repository
% cd web/sites/all/modules
% mkdir dumpstamp
% cd dumpstamp
% git init
"git init" creates the entire Git repository. No server interaction required!
Committing Your First File
To 'commit' means 'to save the state' of your work. You must first 'add' this change to the 'staging area'.
% vi README.txt
% git add README.txt
% git commit -m "First commit. README file."
Commit often!
Looking at the Repository History
% git log% gitk
Adding More Files
% vi dumpstamp.info dumpstamp.module
% git status
% git add .
% git commit
or
% git commit -a -m “My commit message.”
Learn the shortcuts by reading Git docs.
Examining Changes to Files
% vi dumpstamp.module
% git status
% git diff
% git add dumpstamp.module
% git commit
% git log
Become familiar with Git status and diff output.
Make your commit messages meaningful!
Looking at the Log Again
The history can be examined different ways.
% git log --format=short% git log --format=oneline% git log --oneline
Revisiting History
You can 'revisit' any point of your history.
% git checkout SHA_ID
Checkout makes the working directory match the state of the specific SHA_ID.
This is a time machine!
Returning to the Present
At all times, Git retains a pointer to the ‘present’.
% git checkout master
Branching and Merging Next, But...
What we have covered so far is probably 70-80% of what you will do with git.
Adding and committing files are the heart of git (and any version control system).
Git encourages experimentation, by making branching very easy!
Branching
Branching: git branch
% git branch BRANCH% git checkout BRANCH
This makes a branch from “where you currently are”, and then “switches” (checks out) the branch.
“git branch” tells you what branch you’re on.
Branching: Starting State
SHA 1Amaster
NOTE: 'master' is a branch that's created 'by default'.
Branching: Make Some Changes
SHA 1A
SHA 2Bmaster
git commit
Branching: Making a Branch
SHA 1A
SHA 2Bmaster branch1
git branch branch1git checkout branch1
OR git checkout -b branch1
Branching: Changes on the Branch
SHA 1A
SHA 2Bmaster
SHA 3C
(Make changes in "branch1".)git commit
branch1
Branching: Making a New Branch
SHA 1A
SHA 2Bmaster
SHA 3C
git checkout mastergit checkout -b branch2
branch1
branch2
Branching: Changes on another Branch
SHA 1A
SHA 2Bmaster
branch2SHA 4D
(Make changes in "branch2".)git commit
branch1 SHA 3C
Visualizing the Branches
Merging
Bringing two branches together.
First 'checkout' the branch you want to merge into (typically master), then 'merge' in branch.
% git checkout master% git merge BRANCH
Merging: Starting State
SHA 1A
SHA 2Bmaster
branch2SHA 4Dbranch1 SHA 3C
Merging: Fast-Forward Merge
git checkout mastergit merge branch1
SHA 1A
SHA 2B
branch2SHA 4Cmaster, branch1 SHA 3C
Merging: Resolving Conflicts
git merge branch2
SHA 1A
SHA 2B
branch2SHA 4Cbranch1 SHA 3C
SHA 5 master
Merging: The Hard Part
Manual 'merging' may be required.
Visualizing the Merge
Whew!
Using Git “Remotely”
You can upload your local Git repository to a public Git repository. These repositories are known as remotes.
Using “remotes” is the key to collaborating.
Visualizing Remotes
Your Repo Bob Repo
GitHub Repo
Uploading New Code to GitHub
Create a repository (on GitHub).
Add a 'remote' (via git remote add).
Upload your code (via git push).
Creating a Repository
git init
Adding a Remote
git remote adds a name for a repo at a specific URLgit remote add origin [email protected]:rickumali/DumpStamp.git
Your Repo GitHub Repo(origin)
Dumpstamp.git
This is just a naming step!
Push Your Repo to the Remote
% git push -u origin master
Visualizing the Push
git push uploads the repository to the remote
Your Repo GitHub Repo(origin)
Visualizing Remotes (cloning)
Your Repo Bob Repo
GitHub Repo(origin)
Now Bob can ‘clone’ your repository
clone
Cloning
After the Clone
The Cycle with Remotes
Your Repo Bob Repo
GitHub Repo(origin)
You Push, Bob “Pulls” (or Fetches/Merges)
pullpush
You Saw and Learned A Lot About Git
Typical Git CommandsAdd, Commit, Log, Diff, Status
Branch and Merging
Git Remote Repositories
Next Steps
Install Git
Commit frequently and log verbosely
Experiment (branch) often
Introduction to Git10/2/2013
Rick [email protected]
@rickumalihttp://tech.rickumali.com/
This presentation is on Google Drive at:
http://sn.im/git-talk-2013
There you can read the 'speaker notes' for this presentation.
Resources
http://sethrobertson.github.io/GitBestPractices/Great list of Git best practices.
http://git-scm.org/Both "Pro Git" book, and Git reference
http://gitref.org/A "quicker" Git reference
http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~blynn/gitmagic/"Friendlier" Git walk-through (git magic).
http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg39091.html
Linus on "clean history."
Resources
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XpnKHJAok8Linus Torvalds (Git creator) (May '07)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8dhZ9BXQgc4Randal Schwartz (Perl expert and Git old-timer) (Oct
'07)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZDR433b0HJY
Scott Chacon (Pro Git author) (July '11)