introduction to geomatics _2014

An Introduction To Some New Era FieldsPart _ 2B

Presented By: Atiqa Ijaz Khan

Wednesday, April 12, 2023PIAIP_NESPAK 2

PART – 02B

Photogrammetry + Surveying +GPS + Geomatics


SurveyingIntroduction to Basics


Introduction To Surveying

Surveying is inter-changeably called “GEOMATICS”. BUT, ‘Geomatics’ is a Major Field! So surveying, by definition stands out:

The science, art, ad technology of determining the relative positions of points, Above, On, Below the Surface of the Earth.

The discipline which compromises all methods for measuring and collecting all of the information about the physical earth.


Types of Surveying

Types

of

Surv

eyin

g

By purpose

Engineering To choose locations

TopographyRecording all features on

landBy Scale

By Measurements

taken

Triangulations By Angles

Traversing By Bearing and Distances

By Equipment used

Tape Compass

Total Station Spatial Station

EDM Theodolite


Mapping Scales

• High Details• Small area

• 1:24,00 or larger

Large Scale

• Average• 1:24,00 – 120,000

Medium Scale

• Less Details• Large area• 1:120,000 or smaller

Small Scale


Methods for Surveying

Meth

od

s fo

r S

urv

eyin

g Aerial Way-out Satellite imaging

Accurate

Economical

Large area coverage

Ground Verification

For establishment of

Control and check

Small area coverage

Large scale mapping


PhotogrammetryIntroduction to Basic


Introduction

The science and art of obtaining reliable information by the means of photographs.

Information about 2D and 3D objects without in contact.

Are

a o

f S

peci

aliz

ati

on

Metric

Applied over spatial data

Distance, elevation, area, volume etc.

Interpretative

Related to RS

Classifying objects on basis of shape, size, patterns, shadows,

etc.


Evolution of Photogrammetry

Serial No. Level of Generation Year Range Difference

01. 1st Generation 1850-1900 Invention of photography

02. Analog 1900-2000 Invention of Planes

03. Analytical 1950-2000 Invention of Cameras

04. Digital 1970-till now Invention of CCD, LIDAR, X-Ray


End Lap And Side Lap


Workflow

Capture Images

Determine camera orientations

Generate DTMs & 3D Images (if required)

Analyse data: calculate volumes, digitize vector data, etc.


Global Positioning SystemGPS Intro


THREE PARTS OF GPS

Space segment

Control segment

User/Ground segment


Control Segment

Space Segment

User Segment

THREE

SEGMENTS

OF

THE

GPS

THREE

SEGMENTS

OF

THE

GPS

Monitor Stations

GroundAntennas

Master Station


Kwajalein Atoll

US Space Command

Control

Segment

Control

Segment

Hawaii

Ascension Is.

Diego Garcia

Cape Canaveral

Ground AntennaMaster Control Station Monitor Station


WORKING OF GPS


11,000 miles

11,000 miles

11,000 miles

11,000 miles

SOURCES OF ERRORS

INGPS READINGS

ANDMEASUREMENTS


GPS Fun and Facts

Categories Facts Categories Facts

Developed By US Dpt. of Defense (DoD) Developing Year 1993

Operational Active Total No. Of Satellites 31

Constellation Satellites 24-27 Signal Speed Speed of light (3x10⁵ km)

Time Period 12 hours Inclination 55 degrees

Precision 30m-0.5m Manufacturers Trimble Navigation Ltd., Motorola Solutions, etc.

Altitude 20,200 km Estimated Cost 24 Billion US Dollars

Follow Sidereal Day 24h 56m 4s Types DGPS , A-GPS

Bands L1 and L2 now L5 Frequencies (MHz) 1575.42 , 1227.60 , 1176.45

Services SPS , PPS Codes C/A , P


GeomaticsIntroduction to Basics


Definition

It is the discipline of gathering, storing, processing, and delivering Geographic information, or Spatially referenced information.


While in Geomatics, we go for all those type of the disciplines that deals with the measurements of the geo-data, like geodesy, surveying, photogrammetry, GPS etc.

A more specialized field.

It deals with the acquisition of the data along with modeling, and all other GIS stuff.


THE END


REFERENCES

1. Using Geographic Information System (GIS) to Manage Civil Engineering Projects By Asmaa Abdul Jabbar

2. Longley et al (2005) Geographic Information Systems and Science. 2nd Edition. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. (Chapter 14, pages 317-319)

3. www.esri.com/engineering4. http://webhelp.esri.com/arcpad/8.0/userguide/index.htm#capture_devices/

concept_intro.htm

Special AcknowledgementIndustrial partners: ESRI, Danish Hydraulic Institute, Camp, Dresser and McKee, Dodson and AssociatesGovernment partners:

Federal: EPA, USGS, Corps of Engineers (Hydrologic Engineering Center)State: Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, Texas Water Development

BoardLocal: Lower Colorado River Authority, City of Austin, Dept. of Watershed Protection

Academic Partners: University of Texas, Brigham Young University, Utah State University


Any Quires

introduction to geomatics _2014

Education

surveying surveying

gps readings

working of gps

gps fun

gps intro

reliable information

referenced information

details large area