introduction to fans - rocky mountain ashrae€¦ · a fan is a rotating device that creates...
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to Fans
The Basics of Fan Principles and Terminology
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Airflow Principles
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A fan is a rotating device that creates pressure differential that
results in air movement
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Pressure rise in a fan
FLOW ps -
ps +
Upstream
Downstream
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Flow or CFM
Air volume over a period of time
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Static pressure is exerted in all directions
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Velocity pressure is a function of air velocity and direction
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Velocity Pressure
Static Pressure
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Static Pressure+ Velocity Pressure
Total Pressure
Duct PressureAtmospheric
Pressure
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Measuring Static Pressure
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Measuring Total Pressure
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Measuring Velocity Pressure
Fan
Manometer
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Duct friction & obstructions result in pressure drop
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Damper Orifice
HEX
Duct
Heater
Filter
Register
pres
sure
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Velocity x Area = CFM
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Standard Air
0.075 lb/ft3
70oF / 21oC 29.92” Hg / 101 kPa 13.33 ft3/lb
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A fan will move the same amount of air
regardless of the air density but will require
less bhp and create less pressure than specified
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Elevation
Temp oF 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000
0 0.87 0.90 0.94 0.97 1.01 1.05 1.08 1.13 1.17 1.22 1.26 1.31 1.37 1.43 1.48 1.54
50 0.96 1.00 1.04 1.08 1.11 1.15 1.20 1.24 1.30 1.34 1.40 1.45 1.51 1.57 1.63 1.70
70 1.00 1.04 1.08 1.12 1.16 1.22 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.51 1.57 1.64 1.70 1.77
100 1.06 1.10 1.14 1.18 1.22 1.27 1.32 1.37 1.42 1.48 1.54 1.60 1.66 1.74 1.80 1.88
150 1.15 1.19 1.24 1.30 1.33 1.38 1.44 1.49 1.55 1.61 1.67 1.74 1.81 1.89 1.96 2.04
200 1.25 1.29 1.34 1.40 1.44 1.50 1.56 1.61 1.68 1.75 1.81 1.89 1.96 2.05 2.13 2.21
250 1.34 1.39 1.44 1.50 1.55 1.61 1.67 1.74 1.80 1.88 1.95 2.02 2.10 2.20 2.28 2.37
300 1.43 1.49 1.54 1.60 1.66 1.72 1.79 1.86 1.93 2.01 2.08 2.16 2.25 2.35 2.43 2.53
350 1.53 1.58 1.64 1.71 1.77 1.84 1.91 1.98 2.06 2.14 2.22 2.31 2.40 2.51 2.60 2.71
400 1.62 1.68 1.75 1.81 1.88 1.94 2.03 2.09 2.19 2.27 2.37 2.45 2.54 2.66 2.75 2.87
500 1.81 1.88 1.95 2.02 2.10 2.18 2.26 2.35 2.44 2.54 2.63 2.73 2.84 2.97 3.08 3.20
600 2.00 2.07 2.15 2.23 2.31 2.40 2.50 2.59 2.69 2.84 2.91 3.02 3.14 3.28 3.40 3.54
700 2.19 2.27 2.35 2.44 2.53 2.63 2.73 2.83 2.94 3.07 3.17 3.31 3.44 3.59 3.72 3.88
800 2.37 2.48 2.57 2.67 2.76 2.86 2.98 3.09 3.21 3.33 3.45 3.59 3.74 3.90 4.05 4.21
900 2.56 2.66 2.76 2.87 2.97 3.07 3.20 3.33 3.46 3.58 3.71 3.87 4.02 4.20 4.35 4.53
1000 2.76 2.87 2.99 3.09 3.20 3.31 3.45 3.59 3.73 3.86 4.00 4.17 4.33 4.53 4.69 4.89
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Fan Selection at 5000 ft
EF-1, 5200cfm @ 1”, 773 rpm, 1.31bhp 5000 ft & 70oF = 1.22 correction factor 1” x 1.22 = 1.22”
EF-1, 5200cfm @ 1.22”, 819 rpm, 1.55bhp 1.55 bhp / 1.22 = 1.27” bhp
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Fan Curves
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System Curves define the characteristics of the total system
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Fan Curves define the performance of the fan
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Operating Point
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BHP curve shows horsepower requirements
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Unstable Region
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Changing the system changes its characteristic curve which changes fan performance
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Fan Laws
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The Fan Laws are used to predict performance
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The Fan Laws are used to predict performance
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The Fan Laws are used to predict performance
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When Do I Use This?
P
Q
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Fan Types
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Performance of different fan types
VANE/TUBE AXIAL
PROPELLER
CENTRIFUGAL
FC Wide
BC/BI/AFWHEEL
FC Narrow
HP RB
CFM
Pre
ssur
e
AXIAL
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Axial fans provide relatively low pressure rise & relatively high volume flow rate
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3 things to know about Propellerfans Low pressure rise, high flow Low hub-to-tip ratio Short depth
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3 things to know about Tubeaxialfans Medium pressure rise Medium hub-to-tip ratio No downstream vanes
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3 things to know about Vaneaxialfans High pressure rise High hub-to-tip ratio Downstream stationary
vanes provide additional pressure rise
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Centrifugal fans provide relatively high pressure rise relative to flow rate
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3 things to know about Inline Centrifugalfans Centrifugal wheel in an axial tube High pressure High flow
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3 things to know about centrifugal Forward Curved wheels Lower speed results in equivalent performance
compared to BI Wheel Operated in a housing Higher noise compared to BI Wheel
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3 things to know about centrifugal Backward Inclined wheels High efficiency High pressure rise Performs well with or
without housing
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3 things to know about centrifugal Radial Blade wheels Primarily for industrial
applications Low efficiency Rugged design
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Backward Inclined Fan
SS
VV
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Forward Curved
SSVV
SSVV
Forward Curved vs Backward Inclined
Backward Inclined
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Backward Curved
SSVV
Backward Curved Fan
Backward Inclined
SSVV
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Airfoil Fan
SSVV
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Single width
Double width
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3 things to know about Mixed Flow fans
Axial centrifugal hybrid High efficiency High flow
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Airflow profiles of inline fans
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Typical fan curves differ by fan type
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Airfoil and backward inclined wheels are
non-overloading
meaning horsepower will peak and then drop off
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Forward curved wheels are overloading
meaning horsepower will continue to rise and can overload the motor
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Non-overloading
Overloading
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Drive Types
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Direct Drive
+ Low maintenance+ No bearings or belts
+ Compact form factor-Less performance flexibility-Poor motor access-Airstream temperature considerations
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Belt Drive
+ Performance flexibility+ Motors out of the airstream+ Ready motor availability-Require maintenance-Drive losses
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Fan Standards & Codes
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Industry Agencies
Author Standards Certify Products
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UL Standards
UL 705 – Power Ventilators UL 762 – Power Ventilators for
Restaurant Exhaust Appliances UL 793/Smoke Control – Power
Ventilators for Smoke-Control Systems
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AMCA covers and defines many areas related to fans
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AMCA fan classes define operating limits for fans
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Sparkproof Construction Type A
– All parts of fan in contact with air non-ferrous Type B
– Non-ferrous impeller, and shaft opening Type C
– Ferrous hubs, shafts, & hardware acceptable if ferrous parts cannot touch
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AMCA also defines fan arrangements, rotation,
discharge & motor position
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Questions?