INTRODUCTION TO EXERCISE SCIENCEKNR 164

Self-reflection questions

1. In your own words, how would you describe the field of exercise science?

2. Why did you choose exercise science as a major?

3. What previous experiences have lead to your interest in the field of exercise science?

4. What personal qualities do you possess that you believe make exercise science a good career choice?

5. What sort of careers might someone obtaining an exercise science degree be prepared for?

6. What career path or paths are you considering? In other words, what are your career objectives/goals? [Think in terms of what you plan to be doing: (a) right after graduation, (b) 5 years post graduation, (c) 10+ years post graduation.]

7. What types of experiences do you think will help you achieve your objectives/goals?

Self-reflection questions

8. What sort of knowledge, skills, and abilities do you think will be important to develop in order to successfully meet your career objectives/goals?

9. How do you think an exercise science degree from ISU will help you achieve your objectives/goals? In other words, what do you want to get out of the program and what should the degree do for you?

10. What specific questions are you interesting in answering through your classes and experiences while at ISU (e.g., What is the most effective training protocol to build muscular strength and endurance in high school athletes?)?

11. Beyond your basic degree requirements, what other steps/actions do you plan to take to help achieve your objectives/goals?

Basic Definition of Exercise Science (ES)

ES is an academic discipline or field devoted to the study and understanding of human movement

ES “refers to the application of science to the phenomenon of exercise” (Brown, 2001, p. 6) exercise refers to all human movement (?) application of science refers to fact that ES uses

scientific principles from many parent disciplines and rigorous scientific inquiry within sub disciplines to develop knowledge about movement

Subdisciplines of ES

ES requires contributions from many sub disciplines

“movement” is explored scientifically from every conceivable vantage point through the sub disciplines

these are the “science” components of ES within which the body of knowledge is described, studied, and expanded

together this knowledge makes up ES

Subdisciplines of ES (Kinesiology)

1. philosophy of physical activity2. history of physical activity3. sociology of physical activity4. motor behavior5. exercise and sport psychology6. biomechanics7. physiology of physical activity

Subdisciplines of ES (Kinesiology)

1. exercise physiology2. clinical exercise physiology3. nutrition4. motor control and learning5. psychology6. biomechanics7. athletic training and sports medicine

Subdisciplines of ES

1. exercise physiology

2. sport nutrition

3. epidemiology

4. clinical exercise physiology

5. clinical biomechanics

6. sport biomechanics

7. athletic training

8. exercise and sport psych

9. motor behavior

10. sport history

11. sport sociology

Subdisciplines of ES

1. exercise physiology and biochemistry2. biomechanics3. motor learning and control4. sports medicine5. exercise and sport psychology

Important Points

no consensus on which sub disciplines count other possible sub-disciplines include: sports

literature, sports art, exercise biochemistry, sports physiology, sport pedagogy (physical education), adapted physical education, sports management

key is that any area of study (discipline or sub discipline) that can add to understanding of movement is valuable to ES (see Figure 1-2)

Discipline Name?

debate over past 20 years about the proper name for the field

examples include: exercise and sport sciences movement sciences kinesiology exercise science human performance movement and sport sciences

Organization at Illinois State University

School of Kinesiology and Recreation

Majors:•Athletic Training•Exercise Science•Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE)

Major:•Recreation and Park Administration (RPA)

Sequences (within RPA):•Recreation Management•Therapeutic Recreation

Exercise Science vs. Physical Education

Discipline devoted to the scientific study of human movement

Discipline devoted to investigating how the teaching process can be most effectively used to acquire motor skills

Exercise Science Physical Education

Illustration of DifferencesIllustration of DifferencesJTPE vs. MSSE vs. RQESJTPE vs. MSSE vs. RQES

Important Points

sister disciplines both interested in

movement distinct research

topics

History and Growth of ES

readings describes some prominent figures and periods in development of ES

most argue that ES as a distinct discipline really begins to emerge in the 1960s and 1970s Table 1.1 (Brown, 2001) Figure 1.13 (Hoffman & Harris, 2000)

See next 2 slides

Growth in Kinesiology as an academic discipline

http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2010/08/11/kinesiology

Important Points – adaptation/growth

Adaptation: ES as a whole and the individual subdisciplines are

constantly undergoing change (e.g., sport and exercise psychology)

Growth: emerging consensus of physical activity as a key

“health behavior” should benefit field (e.g., paradigm shift in Sidelight 19.2)

Exercise Science as a Profession

characteristic of an occupation workers in a “professional” role…

1. master complex skills that are grounded in and guided by systematic theory and research

2. perform services for others known as clients or patients3. are granted a monopoly by the community to supply

certain services to its members4. are guided by formal and informal ethical codes intended

to preserve the health and well-being of the clients ranges on a continuum

Exercise Science as a Profession

Criteria for a “profession” intellectual pursuit and responsible actions knowledge base derived from science and research practice involves the use of practical skills – not solely

academic skills representative professional organization high level of communication within members of good

standing altruism

Flexner as cited in Brown (2001)

ES Professionals Should Know…

what a profession is the type of work professionals do how one gains entry to and acceptance in a

profession the obligations of professionals the most important factors to consider in

preparing for a career in the ES–related professions

Training Exercise Science Professionals

typically within liberal arts and sciences course work in physical activity course work in theoretical and applied theoretical

knowledge in exercise science and kinesiology course work in professional practice knowledge

and skills for particular professions internship experiences at the worksite

Exercise Science at ISU

ISU general education requirements kinesiology core major coursework professional practice (internships) experiences cognate hours (see handout in Blackboard)

Exercise Science at ISU

Kinesiology Core (20 hrs.) KNR 180 – First aid KNR 181 – Human anatomy and physiology – I KNR 182 – Human anatomy and physiology – II KNR 240 – Principles and applications of fitness KNR 254 – Social-psychological perspectives of PA KNR 257 – Motor learning and performance KNR 280 – Exercise physiology KNR 282 – Biomechanics of human movement

Exercise Science at ISU

Major Course Work (18 hrs.) KNR 164 – Introduction to exercise science KNR 154.40 – Stress management instructional methods KNR 285 – Resistance training instructional methods KNR 286 – Group exercise instructional methods KNR 307 – Exercise in health and disease KNR 308 – Exercise programming KNR 309 – Principles & techniques in physiological testing KNR 310 – Fitness management

Exercise Science at ISU

Major Course Work – Professional Practice KNR 298.10 – Professional Practice (2 hrs)

general students pre-professional students

KNR 378.10 – Seminar in Professional Practice (2 hrs) KNR 398.11 – Professional Practice Internship (10 hrs)

general students pre-professional students

Exercise Science at ISU

Examples of Senior Internship Sites Steadman-Hawkins Clinic (Vail, Frisco, CO) Institute for Aerobics Research (Cooper Institute,

Dallas TX) Kennedy Space Center (Orlando, FL) Sears, Kraft, East Bank Health Clubs Chicago Bears, Chicago Cubs US Olympic Training Center (Colorado Springs, CO) American Heart Association (Dallas, TX, & others) Others (see internship site handout in blackboard)

Exercise Science at ISU

Cognate Area (15 hrs.) Pre-professional (PT, OT, Chiropractic) Biomechanics Clinical (diseased populations) Nutrition Sport and exercise psychology Technology Administration/Business Aging Research

Disciplinary vs. Professional Concerns

Discipline – function is to develop a coherent body of knowledge that describes, explains, and predicts key phenomenon

Profession – function is to improve conditions of society by providing regulated services in accordance with the knowledge available from one or more disciplines

Disciplinary Concerns

Professional Concerns

Exercise Science DisciplineDevelopment of facts, theories,

principles, and laws

Exercise Science ProfessionsProvides questions, problems,

observations, needs, and confirmations