introduction to environmental science
DESCRIPTION
Introduction to Environmental Science. Chapter 1. Key Terms. What is an ‘environment’? Everything that can affect a living organism is its environment. Food, shelter, air, water, soil, forest, gases, etc. What is environmental science? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Chapter 1
![Page 2: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
KEY TERMS What is an ‘environment’?
Everything that can affect a living organism is its environment. Food, shelter, air, water, soil, forest, gases, etc.
What is environmental science? A study of how the Earth works, how we interact with
the Earth, and how deal with environmental problems. It is interdisciplinary from physics, biology, chemistry,
psychology, geography, etc.
![Page 3: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
MORE BASIC CONCEPTS… What is sustainability?
Refers to the ability of a system to survive for an extended period of time.
What does sustainable development mean? Development that meets current needs without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs We protect the world today for our children tomorrow.
Sustainable development can vary depending on the viewpoint we take (environmental, economic, or social)
![Page 4: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
FIVE CHARACTERISTICS THAT DEFINE SUSTAINABILITY 1. Renewability- a community must use
renewable resources, such as water, topsoil, and energy sources no quicker than they can replace them.
![Page 5: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
2. Substitution- whenever possible, a community should use renewable resources instead of nonrenewable resources.
![Page 6: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
3. Interdependence- A sustainable community recognizes that it is part of a larger system and that it cannot be sustainable unless the larger system is also sustainable. A sustainable community does not import resources in a way to impoverish another community or send pollution as an export.
![Page 7: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
4.Adaptability- A sustainable community can adapt to adverse and advantageous opportunities. This requires a diversified economy , educated citizens and a spirit of solidarity.
![Page 8: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
5. Institutional commitment: Adopts laws and political processes that mandate sustainability. Its economic system and education system support sustainable behavior.
![Page 9: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sustainable development requires choices based on values. Environmental, economic, and social viewpoints impact the definition.
Social viewpoints are shaped by our culture, values, attitudes and beliefs.
![Page 10: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
BUT WHERE DID THIS ALL START? WHEN DID IT BECOME AN ‘ISSUE’ IN CANADA? Assignment #1 – Western Movement involving
Environmental Science
Handout… Computer based.
It’s great that we all want to ‘save’ the environment but not everyone shares the same viewpoint. Everyone has their own values and attitudes that help shape the viewpoint they believe in.
However, we all need to work together within our viewpoints in order to be successful in creating more sustainable communities.
![Page 11: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
EVERYONE HAS A DIFFERENT WORLD VIEW
Canada and Spain: The Turbot War is an example of a tragedy of the commons (the overuse or degradation of free resources – as no one owns the resources… creates ocean pollution, air pollution) Canada and Spain were on the brink of war (1995)
because of differing views about declining fish stocks in international waters (Greenland halibut, known as the Greenland turbot).
Spain continued to fish after a turbot moratorium had been declared – obviously, different views from Canada and Spain on the harvesting of fish with declining numbers.
Canada was worried what happened to the North Atlantic Cod was going to happen to the Greenland turbo.
![Page 12: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
WHAT ARE OUR WORLDVIEWS? People continuously disagree about how
serious our environmental problems are and what we should do about them.
These are called environmental worldviews: How people think the world works; What they believe their role in it should be; And what they believe is right and wrong in
terms of environmental ethics.
![Page 13: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
WORLDVIEWS?
1. Self- and human-centered 2. Biosphere- or Earth-
centered.
![Page 14: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Stewardship - Ethical responsibility to be caring and responsible managers
![Page 15: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
PORTFOLIO WORK For the next 30 minutes read page 666-671
(the top of the left column to the end of this section).
Then answer the question in your portfolio regarding your worldview and the one summarizing the different worldviews.
![Page 16: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS What is an Environmental Impact
Assessment ?
An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an assessment of the possible impact—positive or negative—that a proposed project may have on the environment, together consisting of the natural, social and economic aspects.
The purpose of the assessment is to ensure that decision makers consider the ensuing environmental impacts when deciding whether to proceed with a project – if it can affect the environment should they carry on with it or should they put the precautionary principle into affect? Different answer for different views…
![Page 17: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
INTERNATIONALLY… The International Association for Impact
Assessment (IAIA) is the leading global network on best practice in the use of impact assessment for informed decision making regarding policies, programs, plans and projects.
Members of IAIA believe that an impact assessment is a practical tool for helping meet today's needs without compromising the opportunities of future generations.
(http://www.iaia.org/)
![Page 18: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Environmental impact assessments are sometimes controversial… there is a debate ensuing based on whether or not the cost to government organizations is worth finding out the environmental implications (which worldview are these people taking?? – economic standpoint!)
After an EIA is completed the precautionary principle may be put into affect and the plans for development may not occur.
http://www.environmental-mainstreaming.org/documents/EM%20Profile%20No%201%20-%20EIA%20(6%20Oct%2009).pdf
![Page 19: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
DEVELOPING ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE SOCIETIES
Page 673: Select the guideline and the
strategy that you feel is the most important at developing more environmentally sustainable societies.
Use the information throughout the book to support your opinion and to come to your own view of how to develop a more sustainable society.
![Page 20: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
HOW DO WE STAY SUSTAINABLE? We need to live off our natural capital.
![Page 21: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
CAPITAL = WEALTH Capital is money in the bank (so to speak).
We use what we have in order to survive and to live sustainably.
We are SUPPOSE to live off the ‘interest’ that is made from the resources and not ‘dip into’ the principle.
We are essentially using our resources at a faster rate than what we can sustainably support.
![Page 22: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
CAPITAL = WEALTH Solar Capital
Creates renewable energy: wind power, hydropower from flowing water, and biomass where solar energy has been harvested and stored (photosynthesis).’
This energy can be used and put into the economy
![Page 23: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
NATURAL CAPITAL Includes natural resources: air, water, soil, wildlife,
minerals, etc. and ecological services
ecological functions of healthy ecosystems which serve all living organisms through purification of air and water, maintenance of biodiversity, decomposition of wastes, soil and vegetation generation and renewal, pollination of crops and natural vegetation, groundwater recharge through wetlands, seed dispersal, greenhouse gas mitigation, and aesthetically pleasing landscapes.
The income that we make off our natural resources can be sustained if we don’t deplete the resources.
![Page 24: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
NATURAL CAPITAL: RESOURCES AND SERVICES Figure 1-2:
Page 3
![Page 25: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
WHAT DO WE NEED TO DO? We MUST protect our solar and natural
capital and live off the resources they provide – not deplete them
One view is we must live sustainably by eliminating waste and discontinuing the depletion and degradation of resources.
Another view is that man can overcome these problems with ingenuity, economic growth, and technology.
![Page 26: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
HOW DO WE MAKE SURE WE DO NOT OVER DEPLETE OUR RESOURCES? We need to be concerned about OUR carrying
capacity.
Carrying capacity refers to the maximum number of organisms that can be maintained in an area without degrading the environment.
Sound like sustainability??
![Page 27: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
SUSTAINABILITY IS CONNECTED TO CARRYING CAPACITY A sustainable population of wildlife (or human
population) will not overwhelm or put pressure on the carrying capacity of the environment in which they live.
An environmentally sustainable society meets the needs of the people Air, shelter, and other basic resources without
compromising the ability of future generations.
![Page 28: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
WHAT ABOUT THE HUMAN POPULATION? At the end of last year the Earth reached a
population of 7,000,000,000 people.
Although the population growth has slowed it is still growing at a rate of 1.17%6.8 Billion = 80 million/year;
218,000 people/day; 9,100 people/hour
At this rate, it would take 12 days to repopulate the Maritimes!!!
![Page 29: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
HUMAN GROWTH AND CARRYING CAPACITY Human population growth continues to be
more rapid than the Earth can support by about 208,000 people per day.
With more people come more problems Increased life expectancy Food and Shelter Pollution Economic strain
![Page 32: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
AROUND THE WORLD… The global life expectancy has doubled since
1950, but life expectancy is 11 years less in developing countries.
Infant mortality rates have halved since 1955, but they are 8 times higher in developing countries.
Food production is still ahead of population growth, but future food production may become limited by harmful agricultural effects.
The number of people living in poverty has deceased but half of the world’s population is living on less than $4.00 a day!!!
![Page 33: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
WHAT DO WE NEED TO SUPPORT OUR GROWING POPULATION?
Resources
![Page 34: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
RESOURCES A resource is anything obtained from the
environment to meet our needs. Food, water, and manufactured goods are
examples of resources. Natural resources are classified as being
either perpetual, renewable or non-renewable: Perpetual: renewed continuously (solar, hydro) Renewable: replenished through a natural
process (forests and grasslands) Nonrenewable: Cannot be replaced in our
lifetime.
![Page 35: Introduction to Environmental Science](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062501/56816942550346895de0c70d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
TO BE SUSTAINABLE We must not use resources faster than they
are replenished – we will run out!
We must harvest resources by taking a sustainable yield: The highest rate of use without degrading or
depleting the resource. If we do not do this environmental degradation will occur.
NOW LET’S LOOK AT THE LAWS THAT CAN MAKE POSITIVE CHANGES TO THE ENVIRONMENT!!!