introduction to environment
TRANSCRIPT
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WE AND OUR ENVIRONMENT
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ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT IS THAT WHICH ENCOMPASSES ALL LIVING AND NON-LIVING THINGS OCCURRING NATURALLY ON EARTH.
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ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENT
BIOTIC FACTORS
FACTORS
ENVIRONMENT
ABIOTIC
FACTORS
microbes , plants, animals & human being
soil , water , air,temperature
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EARTH: AN ENORMOUS ECOSYSTEM
Three basic principle of ecology:
1. EVERYTHING IS RELATED TO EVERYTHING ELSE.
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ENVIRONMENT PROCESSES
2. EVERYTHING MUST GO SOMEWHERE.
YOU CANNOT JUST THROW ANYTHING ANYWAY.
ONCE CREATED IT HAS TO BE DESTROYED IN A PROPER WAY.
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ENVIRONMENT PROCESSES
3. NATURE KNOWS BEST.
DISRUPTING ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES.
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FOOD CHAIN
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HOW DO WE AFFECT ENVIRONMENT ?
DEFORESTATION URBANISATION
MINING
SOLID WASTE
INDUSTRIALISATION
AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE
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ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
POLLUTION IS THE INTRODUCTION OF CONTAMINANTS INTO THE ENVIRONMENT THAT CAUSES INSTABILITY TO THE ECOSYSTEM.
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TYPES OF POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION
WATER POLLUTION
SOIL POLLUTION
NOISE POLLUTION
RADIATION POLLUTION
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EXPOSURE TO POLLUTANTS
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FACTORS OF POLLUTANTS AFFECTING HEALTH
NATURE OF POLLUTANTS
CONCENTRATION OF POLLUTANTS
STATE OF HEALTH OF RECEPTORS
AGE GROUP OF RECEPTORS
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WHERE DO THEY COME FROM?
POLLUTANTS ARE GENERATED DUE TO HUMAN ACTIVITIES.
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EXPOSURE TO POLLUTANTS
Air pollution
Direct inhalation
Water pollution
drinking water& fish
Settlement
Rain
Ground pollutionFood
Plants
animals
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ROUTES OF EXPOSURE
Inhalation
Skin contact
Ingestion
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HEALTH EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS
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GLOBAL EFFECTS OF POLLUTION
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SOLID WASTE: A MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM
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OVERVIEW OF SOLID WASTE IN KATHMANDU
Source:KMC,2001/2004
household 52%
business 20%
industrial 3%
institutional 9%
others 16%
THE TOTAL WASTE GENERATED IS 450TON/DAY.
TYYPES OF WASTE
QUANTITY/TON
ORGANIC 252
INORGANIC 135
TOXIC 9
OTHERS 54
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DEALING WITH SOLID WASTE
SOLID WASTE
WASTE MANAGEMENTPOLLUTION
PREVENTION
THROWAWAY OR HIGH WASTE APPROACH
BURYING BURNING
LOW WASTE APPROACH
3R-PRINCIPLE
WASTE MANAGEMENT
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INCINERATION
HEAVY METALS LIKE MERCURY, LEAD CADMIUM etc. REMAIN UNDESTROYED.
REDUCES WASTE BY ABOUT 70%.
COMBUSTION OF WASTE:
HARMFUL GASES LIKE DIOXINS, FURANS etc. ARE PRODUCED.
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OPEN DUMPING CURRENT PRACTICE OF DISPOSAL IN NEPAL.
CHANCES OF EPIDEMICS.
WATER POLLUTION BOTH GROUND AND SURFACE.
EUTROPHICATION
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3-R PRINCIPLE
REDUCE.THINGS THAT LAST LONGER,THINGS THAT CAN BE USED
MORE THAN ONCE.
REUSEPOLYTHENE BAGS,CLOTHING,SHOES,CONTAINERS ETC.
RECYCLE MANY ITEMS SUCH AS PLASTICS,PAPER,CANS
CAN BE RECYCLED TO USE AGAIN.
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COMPOSTING
AEROBICALLY DECOMPOSED REMNANTS OF ORGANIC MATTER.
USED MAINLY IN AGRICULTURE AS SOIL CONDITIONER AND FERTILIZER
DAILY 252 TONS OF ORGANIC WASTE IS GENERATED IN KMC.
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WHAT CAN WE DO??
ADOPT THE 3’R PRINCIPLE.
ENCOURAGE THE USE OF COMPOST
RATHER THAN CHEMICAL FERTILIZER.
RAISE AWARENESS AMONG THE PUBLIC
THROUGH VARIOUS TRAINING AND
INTERACTIVE PROGRAM.