Introduction to Engineering and Technology Concepts

Unit Four

Chapter Three –

Optical and Fluid Technologies

Instructions for Success:

• Each chapter of every unit will begin with a “Mindjog.” This is a warm up question that you should answer in your workbook in the proper chapter.

• Please take notes as you move through the presentations in the notebook that has been provided.

• Sections will come up in each presentation with an assignment notice. Turn to the section detailed on the slide in your workbook and complete the assignment before proceeding.

• Good luck!

Objective

• Students will define optical and fluid technologies.

Mindjog!

• On your worksheet, please respond to the following question: 

• “Could you imagine a trip to the grocery store and having to manually punch in the bar code numbers for each type of food item you purchase instead of scanning it? What other types of scanning devicesmake our lives easier?”

Optical Technologies

• Optical Technologies consider the reaction to visible light waves (Wright, 2004).

• Optical properties include color (waves that are reflected), optical transmission (ability to pass light waves), and optical reflectivity (ability to reflect light waves) (Wright,

2004).• Think about microscopes, lasers, fiber optics, bar

code readers, and scanners…how do they play a role in our lives (Wright, 2004)?

Concepts of Optics

• There are several important concepts to consider when analyzing optical technology:

• Light Waves• Frequency• Period• Reflection• Refraction• Diffraction• Proportion• Superposition• Interference• Doppler Effect

Optical Sensors

• Optical sensors can be used as a monitoring device, in which levels of light or changes in the intensity of light can be measured (Wright, 2004).

Light

Photo CellVoltmeter

(Wright, 2004)

Optics and Communication

• We’ve been seeing how science and other subjects relate to technology.

• In truth, communication and optics have a lot to do with each other.

• Information has been transmitted with light for many years.

• One of the first kinds of methods used was smoke signals.

• More recently, flags and flashing lights have been used to convey information (Wright, 2004).

Fiber Optics

• Still, the aforementioned techniques are limited by the distance the information can be sent.

• Fiber optics are channels that guide light waves through internal reflection over some distance.

• Internal reflection means that when the light waves strike the outer edge of the fiber, they are reflected back towards the center.

• Optical communication of this type is called guided optical transmission, which began development in the 1960s (Wright, 2004).

Fiber Optics (continued)

• A typical fiber-optic cable has three layers. • The outside layer is a protective plastic coating.• The middle layer is called cladding, which reflects light waves

back into the glass fiber.• The inner layer is a strand of glass called the core. The individual

core strands are as small as human hairs.• Several hundred of these strands are bundled together into larger

cables, with each of these waveguides carrying numerous messages.

• In fact, billions of bits of information per second can move down an optical fiber.

• Besides communication, fiber optics are finding their way into the medical field in the endoscope device, which can look inside the human body…possibly preventing unnecessary surgery (Wright, 2004).

Fluid Power Systems

• Fluid Power Systems use either liquids or Fluid Power Systems use either liquids or gases to transfer power from one place to gases to transfer power from one place to another another (Wright, 2004)(Wright, 2004)..

• Systems that use air are called pneumatic Systems that use air are called pneumatic systems.systems.

• Liquids are used in hydraulic systems Liquids are used in hydraulic systems (Wright,

2004)..

Assignment #1

• Please turn to the section in your workbook entitled, “Unit Five, Chapter Three – Optical and Fluid Technologies.”

• Complete the extension questions under the “Assignment #1” header before moving onto the next section of slides.

BEFORE MOVING ON:

• Did you complete the “Assignment #1” Section under the “Unit Five, Chapter Three – Optical and Fluid Technologies” section of your workbook?

• If you have, please proceed to the next slide.

Chapter Three Completed!

• Please close this presentation and launch the file entitled, “Chapter 4 – Electrical Energy.”

References

• Wright, R. (2004) “Technology” The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc.