introduction to emmo part ii - the european materials

EMMC The European Materials Modelling Council

Introduction to EMMO

Part II

Alexandra Simperler

On-line 29.4.2019

https://emmc.info/

EMMC The EMMO round table

Emanuele Ghedini(University of Bologna)

Gerhard Goldbeck(Goldbeck Consulting)

Adham Hashibon(Fraunhofer Institut)

Georg J. Schmitz(Access)

Jesper Friis(SINTEF)

EMMC Outline

• EMMO in general

• Semiotics

• EMMO Properties

• EMMO Maths

• EMMO Materials

• EMMO Models

EMMC EMMO

Full Name European Materials & Modelling Ontology

Owners Emanuele Ghedini (Univ Bologna), Gerhard

Goldbeck (Goldbeck Consulting), Adham Hashibon

(Fraunhofer IWM), Georg J Schmitz (ACCESS), Jesper

Friis (SINTEF)

License Creative Commons 4.0

Field of

Application

Materials

Language

Representation

OWL-DL plus set theory

Development

Method

Protege, HermiT reasoner

Scope Representation of materials, models and properties

EMMC

EMMO (European Materials & Modelling

Ontology)

Attempted Outcome:Attempted Outcome:Attempted Outcome:Attempted Outcome:

bring to materials modelling same benefits that similar ontologies

have brought to bio/chem-informatics; common ground for

describing materials models and data

Ongoing Effort:Ongoing Effort:Ongoing Effort:Ongoing Effort:

create an ontology for materials modelling; pave the road for

semantic interoperability semantic interoperability semantic interoperability semantic interoperability within the field of materials modelling

Expected Benefits:Expected Benefits:Expected Benefits:Expected Benefits:

avoid duplicating reference data, capture provenance, make

information/complex relationships discoverable via reasoning,

expose context, support data creation/publication/reuse,

dimensionality reduction of large amounts of data

EMMC EMMO – the three worlds

MATERIAL

ENTTY

PHYSICAL

PROPERTY

PHYSICAL

QUANTITY

has_property

is_a

MEASUREMENT

DATA

PHYSICAL

VARIABLE

is_measure_of(the measured value,

with experimental

uncertainty)is_validated_by

is_estimate_for(a number that represents the physical

quantity, but only as estimation/prediction,

and can be validated by comparison with a

measure)

PHYSICS

EQUATION

MATERIAL

RELATION

has_part

has_part

MODELhas_part

MEASUREMENT

PROCESS

s-depends_on

has_participant

MATERIAL

CHARACTERIZATION

WORLD

(MEASUREMENTS)

MODELLING WORLD

PHYSICAL

WORLD

© Emanuele Ghediniand EMMC-CSA

EMMC

Only 4 primitives

EMMO relations

TAXONOMYClassification

Ex: is_a

MEREOTOPOLOGYParthood and Slicing

Ex: has_part

SEMIOTICRepresentation

Ex: has_property

SET THEORYMembership

Ex: has_member

subatomic

nucleon elementary

electron photonproton quarkneutron

Abstract collections of items

Items that unfolds in space and time

Granularity (multi-scale modelling)

Signs that stands for something elseRepresents real-world objects

is_a

has_direct_part

mass momentum

physical_property

has_property

7© Emanuele Ghedini, Jesper Friisand EMMC-CSA

EMMC EMMO structure

EMMO CORE

EMMO

SEMIOTICS

EMMO

MATERIALS

EMMO

MATHEMMO

PROPERTIES

EMMO

MODELS

EMMO

CHARACTERIZATION

EMMO

FORMAL LANGUAGES

EMMO

DATA FORMATS

Hierarchical set modules

• materials modelling• characterisation

© Emanuele Ghedini, Jepser Friisand EMMC-CSA

EMMC EMMO Core

ABSTRACT CONCEPTUAL LEVEL

Clear separation between set (set theory) and item

(mereotopology).

GEOMETRIC/TOPOLOGICAL LEVEL

items unfold in space (3D) and time (1D) and can be

sliced in pure time, pure space or hybrid space and time

entities.

GEOMETRIC/TOPOLOGICAL LEVEL

items unfold in space (3D) and time (1D) and can be

sliced in pure time, pure space or hybrid space and time

entities.

PHYSICAL LEVEL

Real world entities exists only in full 4D spacetime

A spacetime that can be perceived by (interact with)

the interpreter is a physical.

If the spacetime entity is empty in terms of

perception, is a void.

© Emanuele Ghedini, Jesper Friisand EMMC-CSA

EMMC Peirce Semiotics - General

Representamen/Signifier

Hoof prints

Interpretant/Signifier

Recognises sign

Referent/Object

Sign points to horses

Interpretation

Matching

Representation

EMMC Peirce Semiotics - Modeller

Representamen/Signifier

Digital Twin

Interpretant/Signifier

Recognises sign

Referent/Object

Car Motor

Interpretation

Matching

Representation

EMMC

SIGN (or semeion)

a physical entity that

conventionally stands

for another physical

entity

EMMO Semiotics

OBJECT

any physical entity

INTERPRETANT

the mental/internal

representation

created/determined by a

sign or an object

(interpreter dependent)

ONTOLOGY

WORLD

an icon, a digital

twin, a symbol, a

word, a C++ class

USER WORLD

PHYSICAL

WORLD

Strong

multidisciplinary

intersection with

Peirce’s theory of

semiotics

INTERPRETER

a human being or a

machine that can

recognize object

attributes

(e.g. colour, shape)

EMMO PROVIDES A FRAMEWORK FOR THE REPRESENTATION (BY SIGNS) OF

PHYSICAL WORLD ENTITIES


EMMC

EMMO must represent models and properties (which

are signs that stand for a physical entity):

EMMO Semiotics

The concepts of Peirce semiotics

(interpreter, object, sign) are included in

the semiotic branch, together with the

semiosis process.

Besides that, a branch for

representing symbols and

symbolic entities (e.g.

characters, numbers,

words) has been

introduced, based on

formal languages approach.


EMMC EMMO Semiotics

The semiotic branch paves the way for the inclusion in the EMMO

of formal languages and data recognition.

Change raw data into information through interpretation of the

format.

Semantic extraction is represented within the EMMO at the same

time for several interpreters!


EMMC

3.4 kg

EMMO Semiotics

it is a physical object, i.e. the black and

white pixels on the screen

its a physical that unfolds in time

retaining its meaning (i.e. does not

change class)

is made of symbols

coming from a code (i.e.

math and western

alphabet) for an

interpreter used to this

alphabet


EMMC EMMO Properties

Property subclasses are

specializations that

depend on the type of

observation processes. A

quantitative property

are related to an

observation subclass

called measurement.

A property is always a partial

representation of an object since

it reflects the object capability to

be part of a specific observation

process.

In the EMMO, a property is a sign that stands for an object that the

interpreter perceived through a well defined observation process.


EMMC EMMO Properties

has a meaning for an interpreter

who is skilled in numbers

measurement units

3.4 kg

stands for a physical property of

another physical entity

according to an interpreter who

knows a bit of physics


EMMC EMMO Properties: Colour

the property 'colour' is

related to a process that

involves emission or

interaction of photon and an

observer who can perceive

electromagnetic radiation in

the visible frequency range.

Property usually relies on

symbolic systems

(e.g. for colour it can be

palette, RGB).

Colour


EMMC EMMO Maths

The symbolic class is the superclass of the maths

branch, since mathematics is seen in the EMMO as a

formal language, based on an alphabet of

mathematical symbols.

Mathematical expressions that have a meaning

(i.e. are used to represent physical phenomena)

are also signs (e.g. physics equations).

The formed class includes formal

languages constructs (i.e. list of

symbols) that follows the rules of

a specific language.


EMMC EMMO Materials

The material branch is defined with large use of axioms with the

has_direct_part relation that put constraints about the attributes of

each individual that will be declared in material classes (e.g. a

molecule can’t have part crystal).


EMMC Mereology and Set Theory


EMMC

e-

pn

has_part

EMMO Material Entities are defined by a

hierarchy of parthood relations, combining the

concepts of direct parthood and object

• representation of the real world granularity of material entities that

follows physics and materials science perspectives.

• ‘Material’ can be described univocally by declaring entities under

EMMOEMMOEMMOEMMO hierarchy.

• ‘Material’ can be represented at different levels of granularity,

depending on perspectiveperspectiveperspectiveperspective.

• Every material entity is placed on a granularity level placed on a granularity level placed on a granularity level placed on a granularity level and EMMO gives

information about the direct upper and the direct lower levels typesdirect upper and the direct lower levels typesdirect upper and the direct lower levels typesdirect upper and the direct lower levels types.

has_part

has_part has_part has_part has_part has_part

EMMO Materials

EMMC Axioms, Mereology and Granularity

Has_direct_parts (Direct ParthoodDirect ParthoodDirect ParthoodDirect Parthood) gives and retains

info about the entities that constitute the direct lower

granularity level

Has_proper_parts (Proper ParthoodProper ParthoodProper ParthoodProper Parthood) gives information

about all proper parts of an entity at all levels of

granularity.

Direct Parthood will enable a hierarchy of objects with

different granularities

© Emanuele Ghedini

and EMMC-CSA


EMMC EMMO Materials

The EMMO material branch is also generic and flexible enough to represent

quantum systems in a way that is compatible with different interpretations (i.e.

Copenhagen, De Broglie-Bohm) and approximations (e.g. Born–Oppenheimer).

molecule nucl

eus

nucl

eusnucl

eus

nucl

eus

inner shell inner shell

outer shellfully entangled system

electron and nucleus un-entangled

(Born-Oppenheimer approximation)

electron cloud

electron inner and outer shells and nucleus un-entangled

Hamiltonian parameters can be derived by axioms that define the specific

quantum system class (i.e. the sub-parts).

Wave function collapse can also be represented within the EMMO mereological

framework.


EMMC EMMO Models

A model is a sign that not only

stands for a physical or a process,

but it is also a simplified

representation, aimed to assist

calculations for its description or

for predictions of its behaviour.


A model represents a

physical or a process by

direct similitude (e.g. small

scale replica) or by capturing

in a logical framework the

relations between its

properties (e.g. mathematical

model).

EMMC

EMMC-CSA project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020

research and innovation programme, under Grant Agreement No. 723867.

introduction to emmo part ii - the european materials

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