Introduction to

Computers

Instructor: Heman Lee

www.aeromaniacs.com/class

Jan 2012 October 2001

This Course is for YOU!

• Basic components of the PC

• Speak Computerese (Geek Language)

• Use Mouse and Keyboard

• Navigate Windows OS

• Copy/Cut & Paste Concepts

• Safely turn off and on

2

The ENIAC

• First Computer

• Unveiled 1946

• $500,000

• 17,468 Vacuum Tubes

• 8.5 X 3 X 80 feet

Electronic Numerical Integrator & Computer

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Altair 8800 1975

Kit only BASIC

Intel 8080 CPU 8 bit

MSAI 8080

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The IBM PC 1981 August 12th, 1982

Cost $1665 with no drive.

160 K single sided floppy

drive optional

PC DOS OS

Intel 8080 4.77 MHz

RAM: 16K-640K

A complete system with

monitor, floppy drive,

printer would run about

$3,000

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Apple Macintosh 128K 1984

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• GUI

• Mouse

• 1 Floppy 400K

• $2,495

What is a Computer?

• Accepts/Inputs Data

• Processes Data

• Output Data

• Stores Data

Computer

7

Hardware vs Software

• Physical part of the computer

• You can touch it

Information or application

programs used by the

computer.

You can not touch it.

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The Operating System

• User Interface

• Host for applications

• Manages Hardware

(ie Memory,

Keyboard, Mouse)

• Interface to

Computer Hardware

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Computer Process

Mouse

CPU

Keyboard

Output

Printer

Monitor

Input

Windows

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What is a PC (personal computer)?

• Monitor (LCD)

• System Unit • Motherboard

• Hard Drive

• Floppy Drive

• CD-ROM/DVD

• Keyboard and Mouse

• Peripherals

• OS

• Software

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CPU

The Motherboard

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Hard Drive C:

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RAM

• Random Access Memory

• Tied to the CPU

• Main or primary storage

• Volatile

• Temporary (Volatile)

• Speed 400MHz (Speed of Light)

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Hard Drive vs RAM

RAM

Access 20-60ns

Transfer 2-6 G/s

Access Time 20 – 40 ms

Transfer Rate: 70-100 KB/s

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Removable Storage

• Floppy

• CD

• DVD

• Flash

• Portable HD

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What is a Bit?

0 or 1

On or Off

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A Byte In computer memory terms,

the definition of a byte is a

collection of eight bits.

0100 0010 = A

0100 0011 = B

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Storage Size How much data?

Unit Abb. Size Equivalent

Bit 1 bit

Byte 8 bits 1 text character

Kilobyte K 1,025 bytes 1/2 page of text

Megabyte MB 1,048,576 bytes A novel

Gigabyte GB 1,024 Megabytes An encyclopedia

A Picture file from a 5 M Pixel Camera ~ 2 MB

4 minutes of uncompressed video ~ 100 MB

2 pages in Office Word take up 50K

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Media Size How much data?

Media Size Equivalent Floppy 1.44MB or 1,440K 50pWord Doc

CD 700MB 300 Photos

DVD 4.7GB 4,700MB 2,300 Photos

4G Flash 1,048,576 bytes 1,600 Photos

1TB (Tera) Hard Drive

1,024 Gigabyte 500 hours of video.

Peta 1015 , Exa 1018 , Zeta 10121 , Yolta 1024

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Microsoft Windows OS

• Windows 95, 98, ME, XP, Vista,7 ?

• Desktop and icons

• Task bar

• Start button

• Built-in Programs (WordPad, Paint)

• Internet Explorer Web Browser

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The Mouse

• Left Button Only

• Click

• Drag

• Double-Click

• Right-Button (Shortcut Menu)

• Scroll Button

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Mouse Alternative

• Trackball

• Touchpad

• Drawing Pad

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QWERTY KEYBOARD

Windows

Key

Application

Key Text Editing

Navigation

NumLock On

Numeric

Keypad

Help Key Refresh Print Screen

to Clipboard

Back when

screens was green

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Before you turn on your PC

• Before starting your computer make sure you

do not have a meda, Floppy, CD, Flash

Drive, etc in the drive.

• Turn on the Monitor.

• If this does not happen, check the led light

which is usually on the lower corner of the

monitor unit.

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Problems: Black or Blue

• If computer was shut improperly, you

may see a screen saying Windows

would like to check your files for errors.

• If you get a black or blue screen, the

computer may not have been shutdown

properly. Try to continue by pressing

Enter for Normal Boot.

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How to power up you PC

(Booting)

1. Turn on the monitor

2. Turn on any peripherals attached to

you computer’s system unit.

3. Locate the power bottom on the

computer’s system unit.

4. Press it once.

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How to Power Up your PC (Booting)

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The

Start

Menu

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Shutting down your computer

• Windows is very finicky about being shut down properly (do not just shut the power off)

• Move your cursor to start button and click

• Click on Shutdown

• Sometime Windows will install updated during shutdown, so be patient and wait for the screen to turn black.

Laptops: Closing the lid will put the computer to sleep. You can change this action in your Control Panel>Power Option setting.

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XP Shutdown

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Vista Shutdown

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Windows 7 Shutdown

Windows 7 Shutdown

The Vista shutdown debacle is now fixed with

Windows 7. Not only is it fixed, it is even better.

You can custom what the button does with a simple

right-click to launch the properties menu.

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Restarting your computer

• Sometimes your computer will start doing

funny things or your mouse will stop working

• Try ALT + CTL + DELETE

• If you see a program is not responding, you

can try to highlight that program and press

the “End Task” button.

• If nothing happens try ALT + CTL + DELETE

again. This will restart your computer

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Mouse

• Pointing device that moves pointer or cursor

• Point and click (tip of the arrow is the point)

• Left and right buttons

• Start programs - 2 clicks

• Highlight text (click and drag)

• Practice makes perfect

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Mouse Arrow

• Arrow

• Busy

• Text

• Double arrow

• Hand (Panning)

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Scrolling pages

• Mouse – Click on up and down arrows

or

– Click on top of and below that darker box without touching the box

or

– Click and drag the darker box

• Keyboard (make sure cursor is on page by clicking on empty space) – Use arrow keys

– Use page up, page down, home and end

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Opening Programs

• If on desktop as icon, double click on icon. If does not open press “Enter” key.

• Click on “Start” button, Move cursor up to “Programs”. After menu on the right appears move cursor over to menu and up or down to required program. Click on program

• If program has been minimized and appears on task bar, click on square representing program.

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Closing programs

• Click on the X icon in the top right hand corner of the window

or

• Put your cursor on File in menu bar and click, then move cursor down the drop-down menu to the bottom to word “Quit” or “Exit” or “Close”. Click on the word

or

• Hold down the Alt key and press F4.

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Minimize

Window Maximize/Restore

(Full Scrn/Not FS) Close

Program

Windows Controls

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Title bar

Menu bar Tool bar

Status bar

WHAT IS A WINDOW

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Using Menu Bars

• All Windows programs have a menu bar and

everything you can do with that program will be

available from one of the drop-down menus

• Place tip of the cursor on the word in Menu bar and

click. Move cursor down drop-down menu to selection

you want to perform and click.

• If item has an arrow pointing to the right move cursor

to the right to see the submenu with more options.

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Drop Down Menu

With a sub-menu or

cascading menu

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List Box Look for the triangle to

launch a List Box

menu.

Menu

Menu The menu appear in

the direction of the

arrow.

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Buttons

Works like a

switch (on or off)

Toggle

New Help Button

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Radio Buttons

Select

Only 1 choice

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Check Box Buttons

• More than one

answer or choices

Steak

Potatoes

Dessert

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Menu items common to most

Windows programs

• File (includes New file, Open file, Save and Print)

• Edit (includes Find and Cut, Copy and Paste)

• View (allows you to change the look of screen by adding and subtracting bars like tool bar)

• Tool Bar (most programs but program specific)

• F1 Help used to give help in program’s functions and gives version number (About)

The File Menu is a legacy menu on Windows 7 The ALT key will display it temporarily.

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Cut/Copy and Paste (Drag)

1. Select the text or object.

2. Click on the selected area and drag it to another place in the document.

3. The mouse arrow will show a box next to it.

4. Let go of the mouse button.

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Paste

Context Sensitive Choice

When Copy or Cut is performed correctly, the computer knows this.

The only choices left are in bold while the other choices are dimmed out.

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Cut/Copy and Paste

(Menu Bar Method)

1. Move cursor to Edit in Menu bar and select Copy or Cut ( is a Move)

2. Move the cursor to the area of the document or file where you would like to put the text and click.

3. Move cursor to Edit in Menu bar and select Paste

Window 7

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Using Tool Bars

• Icons which represent most frequently used actions. Look at the picture, it tells you what it does or mouse over it.

New Open Save Print Copy Paste

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Cut, Copy & Paste

1. Drag and Drop

No memorization required

Require excellent mouse skills

2. On the Edit or Clipboard Menu

No memorization require, just look for it

on the menu.

3. Use Keyboard Shortcuts.

Ctrl+C for Copy; Ctri+X for Cut

Ctrl+V for Paste

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Files & Folders

Hard

Drive Folder

File

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Continue to

Windows Skill2 or Windows 7

Basic Course

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