introduction to botany botany unit 1 chapter 1 sycamore tree camouflage bark turns white
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to BotanyBotany Unit 1
Chapter 1Sycamore Tree
Camouflage bark turns white
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What is Botany?
• Botany – the scientific study of plants– AKA “plant biology”
• Botanists study:– Origin– Diversity– Structure– Internal process of plants– Relationships with other organisms– Relationships with nonliving physical environment
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Types of Botanists
• Bryologists – study mosses• Agronomists – study field crops and soils• Horticulturists – study ornamental plants,
fruits, and vegetable crops• Forester – study forest conservation and forest
products• Economic Botanists – study plants with
commercial importance
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Plants provide• Oils and lubricants• Perfumes and
fragrances• Dyes• Paper• Lumber• Waxes• Fibers
• Rubber and other elastics
• Resins• Poisons• Cork• Medicines• Foods & Spices
Only 330,000 different species of plants known– Only 5,000 evaluated for potential usefulness
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Spices & Herbs
• Spices – the barks, roots, seeds, or fruits of plants from tropical regions– Uses:
• Ginger to treat diabetes• Cinnamon oil – to treat
toothaches
• Herbs – the leaves of plants from temperate regions
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Taxol
• One of the most effective drugs against cancer
• Obtained from the bark of the pacific yew
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7 Characteristics of Living Things
1. Complex organization (made up of 1+ cells)2. Metabolism - Take in and use energy3. Responsiveness - respond to environmental stimuli4. Growth5. Reproduce (sexually or asexually)6. Contain Genetic Information - Deoxyribonucleic Acid
– DNA is the molecule that transmits genetic information from one generation to the next
7. Evolve – change as a population/adapt to survive in changing environments
Do plants do all of these things?
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12 Levels of Organization
1. Atoms –the smallest particle of an element that possesses the properties of that element
2. Molecule – 2 or more atoms3. Macromolecule – ex. Proteins, nucleic acids,
lipids4. Organelle – “little organs” of cells5. Cell – basic functional and structural unit of life6. Tissue – associations of cells that perform
specific functionsSee page 9
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12 Levels of Organization
7. Organ –functional units that perform specific roles8. Organism – distinct living entities9. Population- a group of the same species that live in
the same area at the same time10. Community – all the populations of different
organisms that live and interact within an area11. Ecosystem – a community together with its non-living
environment12. Biosphere – Earth’s collective ecosystems & their
relationships with Earth’s physical environment
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Taxonomic Categories
SpeciesGenusFamilyOrderClass
PhylumKingdomDomain
Dumb Kids Prefer Candy Over Fresh Green Salad
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Taxonomical Organization
Domain Archaea
Kingdom Archaea
Domain Eubacteria
Kingdom Bacteria
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Protista
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Major Phyla of the Plant Kingdom
• Phylum Anthophyta (Angiosperms)• Phylum Confiferophyta (Conifers)• Phylum Ginkgophyta (Ginkgos)• Phylum Gnetophyta (Gnetophytes)• Phylum Cycadophyta (Cycads)• Phylum Pterophyta (Ferns)• Phylum Lycopodiophyta (Club Mosses/Quillworts)• Phylum Bryophyta (Mosses)
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The Scientific Method
Communicate Results
Support or Refute
Analyze
Experiment
Research
Hypothesis
Ask a Question/Make an Observation
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An experiment must have a control
• Variables – factors that are changed– Examples:• Time• Color• Size• Temperature
• Controls– Factors that are the same for both experiments
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Controlled vs. Uncontrolled Experiments
• Controlled experiment –(preferred)– Has only 1 variable
Main experiment – conditions are altered in one way Controlled experiment - an experiment that is identical to the
main experiment in all respects except that conditions are not altered
• Uncontrolled experiment– Has more than 1 variable