introduction to body fluid & cell membrane
TRANSCRIPT
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Body fluid & cell membrane
Nermeen Bastawy
Physiology Department
Faculty of Medicine
Cairo University
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75 % 60%
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40 % 20%
ISF IVF
15% 5%
plasma
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Differences between ICF & ECF
Cations mmol/lICFPlasma
Na+10145
K+1554.5
HCO3-1028
Osmolarity mOsm/l
300300
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Ficks Principle
• Amount = vol. X conc.
• Vol. = A/C (in plasma)
Amount of dye
Conc.
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Ficks Principle
• TBW heavy water or antipyrine
• ECF inulin or Na thiocyanate
• Plasma Evan blue or Iodine labelled-ptn
• ICF
• ISF
ISF Plasma
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Homeostasis # Hemostasis
Keeping the conditions in the internal environment constant.
Stoppage of bleeding
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CELL MEMBRANNEFlexibility & Selective permeabilityImmunity & cell adhesion
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Structural ptn Identify ptn Enzymes Carriers (in facilitated diffusion & active trans.) Receptors & channels Connections (cell-cell or cell-basal lamina) Cytoskeleton fixation
Functions of cell membrane proteins
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Receptors & channel
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Types of channels
Non-gated channels Gated channels
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ReceptorsReceptors
Down regulation
excess ligand --- no. & sensitivity of R.
Up-regulation
few ligand ++ no. & sensitivity of R.
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Cells connections & CAMs
Connexon
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TRANSPORT THROUGH THE CELL MEMBRANE
Substances can pass through a cell membrane in 3 separate ways:
(I) Diffusion (simple/ facilitated/osmosis).
(II) Active transport (1ry/2ry).
(III) Vesicular transport (end/exocytosis)
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Simple Diffusion
Dye in water Diffusion Equilibrium
Distance XMW
Temp. XSA XGradient Conc. rateDiffusion
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Diffusion
Cell membrane
Distance XMW
Temp. XSA XGradient Conc. rateDiffusion
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Natural Kinetic E.
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1. Through the lipid bilayera) The lipid soluble: gases
b) H2O: penetrates like bullets
c) Lipid insoluble (small & uncharged): urea.
2. Through protein channels
Mainly for hydrated ions They are distinguished by:
• Selective permeability
• Gating of protein channels
Simple diffusion pathways
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Do you think you understand diffusion?
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Facilitated Diffusion
- large polar molecules:glucose & aa.
- carrier ptn differ from channel:
Larger
Transport part-way not all mem.
Specific receptor (binding site)
Conformational change
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Conformational changes of carrier ptn
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Characters of Facilitated diffusion
• Specificity
• Saturation: maximum rate of diffusion.
• Sensitivity to temperature >simple diffusion
• Similar substances have competition
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Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure
OP
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• Mole: MW of substance in gram. • Osmole: No. of particles in 1 Mole• Osmolality: No. of osmoles dissolved in 1 kg water.• Osmolarity: No. of osmoles in 1 L water. • Tonicity : Osmolality of a solution relative to plasma:
- Isotonic = 300 mOsmol/l- Hypotonic < 300 mOsmol/l- Hypertonic >300 mOsmol/l
• 1 osmole /l = 19300 mmHg OP.• 1 mOsmol/l = 19.3 mmHg OP• The osmolarity of ICF = ECF = 300 mOsmol/l• 300 X 19.3 = 5000 mmHg OP
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• To maitain homeostasis, cells must keep certain conc. for some molecules.
• Passive fiffusion cant do this
K+
Na+Ca++
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Active Transport
Simple diffusion facilitated
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Types of active transport
1ry 2ry
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Do you think you understand active transport?
Na+
K+
E
1ry
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Vesicular Transport
It is the movement of macromolecules.2 types: Endocytosis and Exocytosis.Endocytosis: It is the movement from outside the cell to the inside.Exocytsis: It is the movement from inside the cell to the outside.
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Endocytosis
• Pinocytosis = cell drinking: It is the only mean by which some very large water soluble macromolecules such as proteins can enter the cells as small invaginating vesicles containing ECF.
• Phagocytosis = cell eating: it involves large particulate matter e.g. bacteria and dead tissue.
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Do you think you understand vesicular transport?
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Gibbs Donnan Equilibrium• When two solutions
containing ions are separated by membrane that is permeable to some of the ions and not to others an electrochemical equilibrium is established
• Electrical and chemical energies on either side of the membrane are equal and opposite to each other
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Regulating systems
Nervous systemNervous system
rapid & short duration
Endocrine systemEndocrine system slow & long duration
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