introduction to biology. scientific statements: can be tested
TRANSCRIPT
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Scientific Statements:
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Scientific Statements:can be tested
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Which statements are scientific?
Cheetahs run faster than wolves.Cheetahs are prettier than wolves.It is wrong for cheetahs to kill wolves.Cheetahs are endangered because God is punishing them.
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Scientific Statements:can be tested
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Scientific Statements:can be testedaren't subjective
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Which statements are scientific?
Red is a better color than blue.Red flowers attract hummingbirds more than blue flowers do.
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Scientific Statements:can be testedaren't subjective
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Scientific Statements:can be testedaren't subjectivearen't opinions
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Which statements are scientific?
Male guppies are more colorful than femalesFemale guppies swim faster than malesMale guppies are prettier than females.
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Scientific Statements:can be testedaren't subjectivearen't opinions
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Scientific Statements:can be testedaren't subjectivearen't opinionsare independent of morals
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Which statements are scientific?
Its a sin to cheat.It is good to give to charity.People who give to charity feel better about themselves.
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Scientific Statements:can be testedaren't subjectivearen't opinionsare independent of morals
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Characteristics of Life:
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Characteristics of Life:respond to the environmentmade of cellsrequire energy for metabolismgrow and developreproducepass on traits (heredity)
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The Scientific Method
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The Scientific Method
Observation:
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The Scientific Method
Observation: what you notice
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The Scientific Method
Observation: what you noticeInferences:
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The Scientific Method
Observation: what you noticeInferences: possible explanations
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The Scientific Method
Observation: what you noticeInferences: possible explanationsHypothesis:
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The Scientific Method
Observation: what you noticeInferences: possible explanationsHypothesis: a testable statement or question about the inference
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The Scientific Method
Observation: what you noticeInferences: possible explanationsHypothesis: a testable statement or question about the inferenceTest:
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The Scientific Method
Observation: what you noticeInferences: possible explanationsHypothesis: a testable statement or question about the inferenceTest: how you'll gather data to test your hypothesis
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The Scientific Method
Observation: what you noticeInferences: possible explanationsHypothesis: a testable statement or question about the inferenceTest: how you'll gather data to test your hypothesisCollect and analyse data:
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The Scientific Method
Observation: what you noticeInferences: possible explanationsHypothesis: a testable statement or question about the inferenceTest: how you'll gather data to test your hypothesisCollect and analyse data: data tables, graphs, etc.
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The Scientific Method
Observation: what you noticeInferences: possible explanationsHypothesis: a testable statement or question about the inferenceTest: how you'll gather data to test your hypothesisCollect and analyse data: data tables, graphs, etc.Conclusion:
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The Scientific Method
Observation: what you noticeInferences: possible explanationsHypothesis: a testable statement or question about the inferenceTest: how you'll gather data to test your hypothesisCollect and analyse data: data tables, graphs, etc.Conclusion: is the hypothesis right or wrong.
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The Scientific Method
Observation: Inferences: Hypothesis: Test: Collect and analyse data: Conclusion:
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Practice: light
Observation:Inferences:
Hypothesis:
Test Design:Type of data to be collected:
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Practice: Locker
Observation:Inferences:
Hypothesis:
Test Design:Type of data to be collected:
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There is no one "right" way to put a hypothesis together. We'll try a few. Here's one:
If <insert the inference> and <insert the test>, then <insert prediction>.
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Variable: anything that can affect the outcome of an experiment.Independent variable (also called the Experimental variable): the variable that is manipulated.Dependent variable (also called the Responding variable): the variable that is measured to determine an effect.Controlled variables: those that are held constant.
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Another way to create hypotheses:
If <describe how the independent variable will be manipulated>, then <describe how the dependent variable is expected to react>.
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Independent Variable (IV):
Dependent Variable (DV):
Control Variables (CV):
Hypothesis:
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Controlled Experiment
A very useful and convincing type of testTest subjects are divided into two groups.for one set, the Experimental Group, a variable is changed, for the other set, the Control Group, the variable is not changed.
The effect of the variable can then be concluded.
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Some Scientific Terminology(that often are different from how they are used in everyday conversation)
Hypothesis: a testable statement that might explain an observation. (Not simply a guess.)
Theory: a generally accepted scientific principal that ties together several hypotheses that have been tested and confirmed. (Not someone's guess or hypothesis.)
Scientific Law: something observed without exception.
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