introduction to biofuels and bioenergy why biofuels and bioenergy executive order s-06-06...
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![Page 1: Introduction to Biofuels and Bioenergy Why Biofuels and Bioenergy Executive Order S-06-06 Biofuel/Bioenergy Production and Use Executive Order S-01-07](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062500/56649d175503460f949ed5db/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction to Biofuels and Bioenergy
Why Biofuels and Bioenergy• Executive Order S-06-06
Biofuel/Bioenergy Production and Use
• Executive Order S-01-07 Low-Carbon Fuel Standard
• Strategic Directive 9.2Encourage development of alternative energy and bio-fuels
• Strategic Directive 9.3Play an active role in Bioenergy Interagency Working Group
• Climate Change Implications
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What Are BiofuelsBiofuels
Renewable fuels produced from biomass resources to make liquid or gas fuel
– Ethanol– Biodiesel– Compressed or Liquid Natural Gas– Hydrogen– Dimethyl Ether (diesel-like fuel– Biobutanol
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Feedstock for Biofuels and Bioenergy
• Forest and Agricultural Biomass
• Urban Biomass
• Biomass fraction of MSW
• Landfill Gas
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Biomass Resources in California
• Gross resources are 80 billion bone dry tons annually
• Three principal resources are agriculture, forestry, and waste
• Forestry in northern and central mountains
• Agriculture in Central Valley
• Waste in Los Angeles and San Francisco Bay Area
Source: California Biomass Collaborative
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Waste Characterization in California
Other Mixed and Mineralized
8%
Glass2%
Paper/Cardboard20%
Food15%
C&D Lumber10%
Other Organics4%
Metal8%
Other C&D12%
Textiles 5%
Film Plastic4%
Leaves and Grass4%
Prunings, trimmings, branches and stumps
3%
All non-Film Plastic5%
Fraction of waste
stream (%)
Biomass 56
Plastics/ textiles
14
Inorganic 30
Total 100
• 42 million tons disposed in 2005
• 23 million tons biological in origin
• 5.7 million tons plastic and textiles
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Post-MRF Residuals
• Targeted Feedstock
• Single-Stream - 496,000 Tons
• Multi-Stream - 35,931 Tons
• Mixed Waste - 6.7 Million Tons
• Construction and Demolition - 161,736 Tons
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Available Residuals – Single Stream (496,000 Tons)
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Available Residuals – Multi Stream (35,931 Tons)
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Available Residuals – Mixed Waste (6.7 Million Tons)
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Available Residuals – C&D (161,736 Tons)
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Biofuels/Bioenergy ProductionThermochemical Processes
– PyrolysisVery little air/oxygen added or none at all750o F to 1500o F
– GasificationSome air/oxygen used but less than for incinerationBegins at 1300o F
Technology Primary Product Secondary Product Residue
Gasification Fuel Gas
Synthesis Gas
Fuels, Chemicals, Power
Char, Ash
Pyrolysis Fuel Gas
Synthesis Gas
Pyrolytic oils
Fuels, Chemicals, Power
Char, Ash
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Biofuels/Bioenergy Production
Biochemical Processes– Anaerobic Digestion
Bacteria breaks down feedstockNo oxygen
– FermentationAlso anaerobic processMicrobes used to produce ethanol
Technology Primary ProductSecondary
ProductResidue
Anaerobic Digestion
BiogasHeat, Electricity,
Fuels, Soil Amendment
Lignin, inorganics
Fermentation Ethanol Lignin, inorganics
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TECHNOLOGY TYPE COMMERCIAL OR R&D STATUS VENDOR PROJECT STATUS
Pyrolysis to Electricity Commercial scale in Japan. Pilot-scale facility in California
IES Second round of emissions testing to be validated by SCAQMD. Health risk assessment underway.
Gasification to Ethanol Pilot-scale facility in Arkansas. Biorefinery to be built in Florida
BRI Energy & Alico
Alico received DOE biorefinery grant. Will use BRI technology
Gasification to Electricity Commercial scale in Japan. None in California
Various Two companies short-listed by Los Angeles County
Acid Hydrolysis Demonstration scale in Ohio and Japan (separate companies). Bluefire
Ethanol to construct commercial-scale facility at El Sobrante
Landfill
Bluefire Ethanol Bluefire Ethanol recipient of DOE and Energy Commission grants
Enzymatic Hydrolysis Demonstration facility in Canada. Commercial-scale facility to be constructed in Idaho. R&D on
enzymes continuing.
Iogen (Canada) Iogen recipient of DOE biorefinery grant
Enclosed Anaerobic Digestion Commercial scale in Europe and Israel. Commercial-scale facility under construction in Australia. Small demonstration plant at UC Davis
campus.
Arrow EcologyOnSite Power
Arrow Ecology short-listed by Los Angeles County
Major Technology Types and Status
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Operating Facilities
Biochemical– Predominantly anaerobic digestion in Europe– Installed capacity in 2000 = 1.1 million TPY– Installed capacity in 2004 = 2.8 million TPY– 250% increase!!!
Thermal– Gasification and Waste-to-Energy in
Japan
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AD Capacity in Europe
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Cap
acit
y (
mil
lio
n t
on
s/y
)
*
Solid Waste Anaerobic Digester Capacity in Europe
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AD Facilities
• Kompogas (Switzerland)• Arrow Bio (Israel)• DRANCO (Belgium)• Valorga (France)• BTA (Germany)• Biopercolat (Germany)• CiTec (Finland)• Linde-KCA (Germany)
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Hydrolysis/Fermentation Facilities
• BlueFire Ethanol
• Masada Oxynol
• Genahol/Waste-to-Energy
• BRI
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DOE cellulosic biorefinery commercialization awards
• Abengoa Bioenergy – Kansas
• Alico(BRI technology) - Florida
• BlueFire - California
• Broin – South Dakota
• Iogen - Idaho
• Range Fuels - Georgia