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Introduction to ArcGIS
Now the real fun starts…
Lecture prepared by Gary Weaver
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ArcView??ArcGIS???ArcInfo? Phew, I’m
not the only one …
GIS? What’s that?
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What is Arc?What is Arc?
• ESRI - Environmental Systems Research Institute• ArcInfo - original version - powerful, but not very user
f i dl ( d li )friendly (command line)• ArcView - yet another version, easier to use (GUI), but not
as powerful, primarily for map makingas powerful, primarily for map making• ArcGIS - Combines both earlier versions - powerful and
easier to use. Includes:– ArcMap– ArcCatalog– ArcToolbox
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ArcGIS• ArcMap - functions like ArcView
GUI– GUI– Layout presentation– Simple analyses
Arcmap.lnk
S p e a a yses
• ArcCatalog– Navigating and managing geographic datag g g g g g p– Explore data– Copy, move delete data
ArcCatalog.lnk
• ArcToolbox– Coverage processing and analysis functions
ArcToolbox.lnk– Geoprocessing functions
ArcToolbox.lnk
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What can you model?What can you model?• Land• Elevation• Climate Zones• Forests• Primary Productivity• Political Zones• Environmental Hazards• You are limited by:
– Your own creativity– DATA
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How do you model them?How do you model them?
• Layers - collections of like data - as manyLayers - collections of like data - as many as you want
Features (Vectors) shape and size– Features (Vectors) - shape and size• polygon - area data• point - citiespoint cities• line - boundaries, rivers
– Surfaces (Rasters) - numeric values rather than ( )shapes
• elevation, slope, temperature, images
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Features• GIS uses coordinate systems to represent location
of a featureof a feature– Coordinate system is a grid system with an x-axis and a
y-axis. The origin is where the axes intersect. Feature y glocations are measured in distances from the origin.
• GIS uses scale to represent the size of a feature on a map and the size of the corresponding places in the world
• GIS links features to information using tables -attributes of the feature
E h f t ’ i f ti i d d i– Each feature’s information is recorded in a row– Each column is a category of information (attributes)
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Features
• Have spatial relationships– which ones are nearest - are incidences ofwhich ones are nearest are incidences of
cancer closer to an environmental harzard?– which ones touch - do plants that exude p
chemicals have competing plants that are within their rooting zone?
– which ones cross - do competing carnivores have overlapping home ranges?
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ArcGISArcGIS• Coveragesg
– have topology• contains the spatial relationships between adjacent
polygon of neighboring features
• Shapefiles– do not have topology
• Geoprocessingp g– coverage selection and analysis
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ArcGIS Functionality (ie, what you get when you pay for…)
A Vi• ArcView– create, edit personal geodatabases and
h filshapefiles– create high quality maps, graphs, and reports– geographic query and analysis– create, apply attribute domains– create, edit simple annotation– geocode addresses
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ArcGIS FunctionalityArcGIS Functionality
• ArcEditor– Create, edit, and manage coveragesCreate, edit, and manage coverages– Create, edit subtypes and relationship classes– Create edit custom featuresCreate, edit custom features– Build geodatabases
Create edit geometric networks– Create, edit geometric networks– Create and edit feature-linked annotation
• geodatabases with behavior• geodatabases with behavior
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ArcGIS FunctionalityArcGIS Functionality
• ArcInfo– Create, edit, analyze coveragesCreate, edit, analyze coverages – Run AML programs from ArcToolbox– Convert from multiple GIS data formats intoConvert from multiple GIS data formats into
coverage format– Use the geoprocessing server to performUse the geoprocessing server to perform
ArcToolbox operation on a designated computer (servers)
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ArcGIS ExtensionsArcGIS Extensions
• Spatial AnalystSpatial Analyst– Raster
3D A l t• 3D Analyst– TIN, viewshed
• Geostatistical Analyst– surfaces– interpolation
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ArcGIS Components
• ArcCatalog
• ArcToolbox
• ArcMap
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ArcCatalog• File Manager
• Geocoding
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ArcCatalogArcCatalog.lnkArcCatalog.lnk
• Previewing Data
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ArcToolboxArcToolbox lnk ArcToolbox lnkArcToolbox• We will use Toolbox for projections
ArcToolbox.lnk ArcToolbox.lnk
• Permanent Changes to Coverages
• Importing data
•Manipulating tables
•Much, much more,
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ArcMap Arcmap.lnkArcmap.lnk
• We will be focusing on Map– Data ViewData View
– Layout ViewLayout View
Simple analyses– Simple analyses
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Table of Contents
• Layer Control– Data Frames
• Bolded name indicates active frame
– Layers within the framesy• Display / Source tabs• Visibility• Layer Order• Other layer controls are in tool bars
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Table of ContentsTable of Contents
• Right click on Data frame to control:• Right click on Data frame to control:– name– labels– coordinate system– order
• Right click on Layer to control:• Right click on Layer to control:– properties
• name• datasource• selection attributes• symbologysymbology
– open attribute table
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Data View
• Map Window• Zoom
P• Pan• Select• Find• Find• Information
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Layout View
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Layout ViewLayout View
• Switch to by View - Layout view or by the page symbol on the bottom left of the window
• Each Frame in the Data View is represented by a Frame in the Layout View
• Control page properties under the File Menu• When looking for required elements, start with the
insert menu