introduction to animals
TRANSCRIPT
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INTRODUCTION TO INVERTEBRATES
SICENCE
IV BIMESTER
MS. MEMBREÑO
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INVERTEBRATE CHARACTERISTICS
• A grasshopper and a spider are both invertebrates.
• Animals that do not have backbones are invertebrates.
• The main invertebrate groups are sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, roundworms, segmented worms, mollusks arthropods, and echinoderms.
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SPONGES
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CNIDARIANS (NY DEHR EE UNZ)
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WORMS
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MOLLUSKS
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ARTHROPODS
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ECHINODERMS
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INTRODUCTION TO VERTEBRATES
SICENCE
IV BIMESTER
MS. MEMBREÑO
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WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHORDATES AND VERTEBRATES• The animals you are probably most familiar with are members of the phylum
Chordata. Members of this phylum are called chordates.
• Most chordates, including all fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, are vertebrates.
• A few chordates such as sea squirts and lancelets, do not have backbones.
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CHORDATE CHARACTERISTICS
• At some point in their lives, all chordates have three characteristics: a notochord, a nerve cord, and pouches in the throat area.
• Most chordates also have a backbone.
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LANCELETS
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NOTOCHORD
• A notochord is a flexible rod that supports a chordate’s back. The name Chordata comes from this structure’s name.
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NERVE CORD• All chordates have a
nerve cord that runs down their back. Your spinal cord is such a nerve cord. The nerve cord connects the brain to nerves in other parts of the body.
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THROAT POUCHES• At some point in their lives,
chordates have pouches in their throat area. • In most vertebrates, the
pouches disappear before birth.• In fish and lancelets,
grooves between these pouches become gill s slits.
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HOW DO VERTEBRATES CONTROL BODY TEMPERATURE
• Some vertebrates do not produce much internal heat. Therefore, their body temperatures change with the environment.
• Other vertebrates control their internal heat and maintain a constant body temperature.
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ECTOTHERM • Amphibians, reptiles and most fish are ectotherms.• An animal that produces little
internal body heat is called an ectotherm.• Its body temperature changes
with temperature changes in its environment.
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ENDOTHERM• Birds and mammals are
endotherms.• An endotherm is an animal that
controls the internal heat it produces and regulates its own temperature. • An endotherm has adaptations
such fur and feathers for maintaining body temperature.
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VERTEBRATE DIVERSITY
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CLICK ON THE LINK:
• http://www.slideshare.net/leannebenson/vertebrates20and20invertebrates-1
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SKELETONS AND MUSCLES
SICENCE
IV BIMESTER
MS. MEMBREÑO
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FAST FELINES• Which animal is the fastest sprinter? It is a
cheetah. The cheetah’s body structure and muscles allow it to reach speeds of up to 112 km/h in only three seconds. Its flexible spine enables the cheetah to extend its limbs to great lengths. This ability allows the cheetah to cover as much ground in one stride as a racehorse. The cheetah also has a high percentage of fast-twitch muscle fibers. These fibers provide power and allow the cheetah to reach its incredible speed faster than a race car can reach the same speed. It’s no wonder that the cheetah holds the title of “World’s Fastest Land Animal.”
1. What are two parts of a cheetah’s body that help it run fast?
2. Why do you think a cheetah’s speed is an advantage to the animal?
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WHAT SUPPPORTS AND PROTECTS ANIMAL BODIES?• Imagine you are watching lions
moving slowly through tall grass.• They are surrounding a young zebra
that has wandered away from its mother.
• Flies buzz, and beetles chew on grass blades.
• Nearby, a snake slithers away from one of the lions.
• Unaware, the zebra continues to gaze.
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WHAT SUPPPORTS AND PROTECTS ANIMAL BODIES?
• Think about all these different animals. Do they have anything in common?
• Yes, all of their bodies are supported by skeletons, which have similar functions.
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SKELETON
• A skeleton is a framework that shapes and supports an animal, protects its internal organs, and allows it to move in its environment.
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TYPES OF SKELETONS
ExoskeletonA hard outer covering.
BothShape and support, protect internal organs and help with movement.
EndoskeletonIs inside the body.
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ENDOSKELETON
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EXOSKELETON
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JOINTSHave you ever tried to run without
bending your legs?
If you have, then you know it is difficult. Fortunately, most exoskeletons and endoskeletons have joints.
• A joint is a place where two or more parts of a skeleton meet.
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WHAT IS THE ROLE OF MUSCLES?
• Muscles help animals move their body parts.• Tissues that contract or relax to create movement
are muscles.• When the muscles contract, or get shorter, they
squeeze blood through the vessels.
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MUSCLES IN ENDOSKELETON
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MUSCLES IN EXOSKELETON