Bell Ringer

What is the function of the chloroplast?

Objectives• Identify shared characteristics in animals

• Distinguish radial and bilateral symmetry

• Summarize the importance of a body cavity in animals

• Identify how scientists determine evolutionary relationships between animals

Characteristics of AnimalsHeterotrophy

MobilityMulticellularity

DiploidySexual reproductionBlastula Formation

Tissue

HeterotrophyAll animals are heterotrophsAnimals cannot make their own food

MobilityAnimals have the ability to perform rapid,

complex movementsAnimals move by using muscle cells

Swim, walk, crawl, run, fly

MulticellularityAll animals have more than one cell

DiploidyDiploidy-two copies of each chromosomes

All animals have two copies of each chromosome. One copy from mom and one from dad.

Sexual ReproductionAlmost all animals reproduce sexually by

producing gametes.Sperm cells of all animals have a flagella and

they are highly mobile.

Blastula FormationBlastula- a hollow ball of cells

Cells within the blastula eventually develop into three distinct layers of cells

EctodermEndodermMesoderm

Blastula

• Ectoderm- Outer layer of skin, nervous system, sense organs

• Endoderm- Lining of digestive tract, respiratory, system, digestive organs, urinary bladder

• Mesoderm- Most of the skeleton, muscles, circulatory system, reproductive organs

TissuesThe cells of all animals except sponges are

organized into structural and functional units called tissues

Tissues- groups of cells with a common structure that work together to perform a certain function

Bell RingerWhat are the three distinct cellular layers that the Blastula forms into?

Body SymmetryAll animals have their own Body Plan.

Different types of Body PlansAsymmetryRadial SymmetryBilateral Symmetry

AsymmetryAsymmetry- irregular in shape.

Asymmetry is the simplest body plan in the animal KingdomExample: Sponges

Asymmetry

Radial SymmetryRadial Symmetry- Body parts arranged

around a central axis.

Most animals that exhibit radial symmetry are aquatic.Example: Starfish or Sea Anemone

Radial Symmetry

Bilateral SymmetryBilateral Symmetry-A body design in

which there are distinct right and left halves.In Bilateral Symmetry there are

Dorsal Surfaces(Top) Ventral Surface(Bottom) Anterior End(Front) Posterior End(Back)

Bilateral Symmetry

Bell RingerWhat are the three different types of symmetries?

CephalizationMost bilaterally symmetrical animals have

evolved an anterior concentration of sensory structures and nerves.

This is called Cephalization

Animals with cephalic ends are often active and mobile.

Cephalization

Internal Body CavityBilaterally Symmetrical Animals have three

basic internal body plans

Acoelomates Pseudocoelomates

Coelomates

Coelom-Body cavity; a fluid filled space found between the body wall and the digestive tract.

AcoelomateAceolomate-No Body cavity

PseudocoelomatePseudocoelomate-A body cavity that

is located between the mesoderm and endoderm.

CoelomateCoelomate-Have a body cavity located entirely within the mesoderm. Provides an internal space where

mesoderm and endoderm can be in contact during embryonic development.

This helped complex organs evolve, why?

CoelomateEarthworms are coelomates

True coelom wraps around the digestive tract to protect organs.

Provides are firm base for animals muscles to push against.

Body SegmentationSegmented animals are composed of

repeating segments.

ChallengeEarth worms are segmented animals that can

live without certain segments, why do you think that is?

Phylogenetic TreeKingdom Animalia contains 35 divions

PhylaScientists use a Phylogenetic tree to visualize

classificationThe animal kingdom can then be divided into

vertebrates and non-vertebrates