INTRODUCTION TO :

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

ANATOMY: Ana = UP

- TOME = CUTTING Study of the structure of the body

GrossMicroscopicCytologyHistology

Physiology

. Study of how body functions

Cellular physiology Pathophysiology

Form always dictates function

Specialty AreasSurface anatomyCytologyEmbryologyImmunologyPharmacology

Levels Of Organization: 6 Levels

Chemical levelCellTissues / membranes

Organs

SystemsTotal organismY o u !!!!From simple to complex

Characteristics Of Life:

MetabolismIrritabilityContractilityGrowthReproduction

Homeostasis“HOMEO-” = same“-Stasis” = stayingDynamic equilibrium needed to sustain life

Inner balance

Feedback System:

Stressor : anything that disrupts “ H ”

Body works to correct imbalance

Negative Feedback

Once problem is corrected….

Body works to return things

to normal

Body Systems Controlling “ H ”

Nervous Endocrine

Anatomical Terms

Anatomical positionBody directionsSuperiorInferior

Anterior / ventralPosterior / dorsalMedial LateralProximalDistal

SuperficialDeepVisceralParietalCentralPeripheral

CranialCaudalInternalExternal

Directional Terms FlexionExtensionRotationAbductionAdduction

SupinationPronationInversionEversion

Body PlanesImaginary lines thru the body

SAGITTAL : divides body into right & left portionsMIDSAGITTAL

Transverse : divides body : top & bottom

Frontal : divides into front & back

BODY CAVITIES :

HOLLOW SPACES THAT CONTAIN ORGANS

2 MAIN CAVITIES :DORSAL & VENTRAL

Dorsal:Cranial cavity:Contains brain Spinal cavity:Contains spinal cord

Ventral:Thoracic : contains heart, lungs, trachea

Superior to abdominal cavity

Abdominal cavityContains stomach, liver, intestines

Pelvic cavity :Contains bladder , reproductive organs

Abdominal RegionsUsed to describe location of organs or pain

4 quadrants :RUQ / RLQ LUQ / LLQ

9 Regions :

3 central regions :EpigastricUmbilicalHypogastric

Right Hypo-chondriacLeft Hypo-chondriacRight lumbarLeft lumbarRight iliac or inguinalLeft iliac or inguinal

Body RegionsAxial : Head, neck & trunkAppendicular: ExtremitiesTorso : thorax, abdomen, pelvis

AntecubitalAxillaryCephalicCervicalCostalCranialInguinal

Anatomical TerminologyPrefixes:Ab-Ad-Alg-Arth-Bio-Brachi-

Cardi-Chole-Contra-Cyst-Cyto-

Suffixes:-Algia-Asis-Asthenia-Blast-Cele-Cid

-Clysis

-Coccus

-Cyte

-Ectasis

-Ectomy

-Emia