introduction think of all the things you are wearing. how many of these items did you make by...
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction
Think of all the things you are wearing.
How many of these items did you make by hand?
If you didn’t make any by hand, why not?
OverviewThe BeginningExample TechnologiesThe Factory SystemCrossing the AtlanticThe First American MillEli WhitneyLowell, MassachusettsGrowth of Cities
The Industrial Revolution Begins
IndustrialRevolution :
process that
completely changed
the way in which
goods were produced
Example TechnologiesStarted in Britain in the mid-1700’sNew Technology – inventors developed
new machines that transformed the textile industrySpinning Jenny – a machine that could spin several
threads at onceBuilt water powered looms which allowed more cloth
to be produced
Spinning Jenny Loom
The Factory SystemNew Inventions + New Machines =
making large mills by rivers
Water flowing downstream or over a waterfall turned a wheel that produced a great deal more power in a day
Setting Up a Factory
$ Operating a mill cost a lot of capital– money
$ Capitalists supplied this money$ Capitalist- a person who invests in a
business in order to make a profit
Factory Organization
The new systembrought workers andmachinery together inone place to producegoods
Workers earned daily or weekly wages
Had to work a number of set hours each day
Revolution Crosses the Atlantic
Britain wanted to keep the new technology a secret
Samuel Slater heard that America was offering large rewards for the technology He boarded a ship in
1789 headed for NYC
Samuel Slater
Slater Mill
The First American Mill Slater went to Pawtucket, Rhode
Island By 1793, he built the first successful
textile mill powered by water His factory was a huge success
Blackstone River in Pawtucket
Eli Whitney
Was an inventor Observed the gun
crafting process of making each piece by hand
Created the idea of interchangeable parts
Interchangeable PartsInterchangeable parts – all machine-made parts
would be alike Whitney took his idea to Washington, D.C. where
at first he was laughed at until he gave a demonstration
Soon parts existed for clocks, locks, and other goods
Francis Cabot Lowell The War of 1812 boosted American
industry because Americans could not get foreign goods
Francis Cabot Lowell, a Boston merchant, noticed that British textile mills had spinning in one factory and weaving in another
His idea was to combine both of the ideas in one mill
Lowell, Massachusetts
After Lowell died,
his partners took his
idea one step further
and created a
community of 10,000 people.
Lowell National Park
“Lowell Girls”To work in the mills, the
company hired young women from nearby towns
Usually worked for a few years before returning to marryWere the highest paid female
workers in the U.S. – made between $1.85 and $3 per week
The company built boardinghouses and had rules to protect the women
Advertisement for Lowell Mills
Girl at a loom
Daily LifeChild labor – were as young as 7
Chosen because they could fit in between spindles
Long Hours – 12 hours a day, 6 days a week
Changes in Home Life – more family members left the house to earn a livingHaving a wife who stayed at home
became a sign of success
Growing Cities
• Urbanization : movement of the population from farms to cities
• Large groups moved to cities during the Industrial Revolution
0102030405060708090100
Country City
180018501920
Hazards
Dirt and gravel roads became mudholes
No sewersGarbage in the
streetsSpread of disease
(cholera)
Attractions
Theaters
MuseumsCircus
Clothing Stores
Example• Suppose the year is 1830 in a New
England town. A businessman wants to build a textile mill. As the people of the town, you decide to have a town meeting to discuss this. What would be the views of the following groups and why?– Sheep farmers– Spinners and weavers– Unemployed– Landowners– Merchants– Town officials
ReviewRecord your answers on your exit slip
1. What was the Industrial Revolution?2. What resource did all factories need to be
next to?3. What are interchangeable parts?4. Who created the first factory town?5. The growth of factories led to the growth
of what?6. What was the significance of the Industrial
Revolution in America?