Introduction In this work it will be presented: Some photographs of the Old Alentejo; The Dam of the Alqueva; The Current Alentejo. Old Alentejo The Old Alentejo had its landscapes badly treated. We can see that in the bad order of the territory. The fields were, essentially, cultivated of corn-field. Did not exist Intensive cultures. The first references to the necessity to create this project dates from 100 years ago. The project itself is from 1957, being contemporary of the Plan of Irrigation of the Alentejo. Data that the Guadiana is an international river, were celebrated the International Covenant Luso-Spaniard, who attributes to Portugal the hydraulical exploration of the understood sector enters the confluences of the river Caima and the riverside of Cuncos. The first works had been initiated in 1976 and, two years, had constructed to the cofferdams of sum and ebb tide, the provisory shunting line tunnel of the water course and all the infrastructures of support and access. In 1978 the workmanships had been interrupted, having been retaken, in 1993, after a phase of new studies. Finally in May of 1995 the restarted works, after an international public competition, launched for the Installing Commission of the Alqueva. In January of 2002 the main body of the barrage was concluded and its floodgates of deep and way are locked up the 8 of February of the same year. Located in full Alentejo, the dam of the Alqueva was installed in the river Guadiana, downstream of the confluence of the river It thaws and the sum of the confluence of the river Ardila. The albufeira presents 1100 km of edges and 83 a total extension of km, throughout the municipality of Moura, Portel, Mouro, Reguengos the Monsaraz and Alandroal. Area of the hidrografic basin km Annual average of the caudal volume x 1000 m=90,34m/s Full caudal m/s Perod of money return years Croncrete Vault of double bending Height above of the ground - 96 m Quota of the m Length of m Width of - 7 m - Rock Volume of concrete x 1000 Area flooded to NPA x 1000m Capacity total x 1000m Useful capacity x 1000m Level of full storage (NPA) m Level of full principle (NMC) - 154,7 m Minimum level of exploration (Nme) m The main objective of the EFMA (Enterprise of Multiple Ends of the Alqueva, created for the dam) is mainly the construction of a water reserve in order to satisfy the necessities of the region, given the irregularity of the volume of the Guadiana and the occurrence of periods of drought in the region. Besides that, it still intends to guarantee the regular water supply, keep up with the gradual changes in agriculture, to reinforce the capacity of energy production, to create of tourism potentialities, to fight desertification, to intervene in an organized way with the environment and the estate and to promote the regional job offer. Bigger amount of water available (irrigated field ) More fertile soil Cattle raising To increase the search of the products To create dimension of offers of the products in the region To increase the knowledge of the producers on the products To increase the capacity technique in the region To develop the competitiveness of the products Tourism Production of electric energy Alteration of culture, starting to sow itself predominantly oliveiras, instead of the wheat, rye, barley Production of hdrica energy Bigger amount of drinking waters A natural habitat for diverse animal species The seen Alentejo as a tourist place and of leisure The Alentejo with enterprise and lucrative chances With the construction of the Alqueva, the landscape also got excited. In the first photograph we can see a zone that not yet was submerged. Great part of the territory in return of the dam was submerged. With these images already the great dimension of busy territory for the water is well visible. Due to construction of the dam of the Alqueva, the river Guadiana started to have little water, therefore great part is restrained in this. Current Alentejo In the Current Alentejo we saw an improvement in the exploitation of the territories. In the territories, mainly, they are cultivated olivais