introduction abdomen-dr.gosai
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Planes, Regions and Arrangement of structures in abdomenTRANSCRIPT
ABDOMENABDOMENPlanes, Divisions and Planes, Divisions and
Arrangement of Arrangement of StructuresStructures
Dr.B.B.Gosai Dr.B.B.Gosai
IntroductionIntroduction
Learning Objectives:Learning Objectives:
At the end of this lecture At the end of this lecture student should be able to:student should be able to:– Explain Planes and divisions of Explain Planes and divisions of
abdomenabdomen– Arrangement of structures (Skeleton, Arrangement of structures (Skeleton,
Muscles, Vessels and organs) in the Muscles, Vessels and organs) in the abdominal cavityabdominal cavity
AbdomenAbdomen Lower half of trunk Lower half of trunk
below the diaphragmbelow the diaphragm Divided in to two Divided in to two
parts:parts: Abdomen Proper: Abdomen Proper:
From Diaphragm to From Diaphragm to Pelvic brim (Pelvic Pelvic brim (Pelvic inlet)inlet)
Pelvis: Below the Pelvis: Below the pelvic brim (Pelvic pelvic brim (Pelvic inlet)inlet)
Planes for Demarcation of Abdominal Planes for Demarcation of Abdominal RegionRegion
indicated by a line encircling the body midway between the suprasternal notch and the symphysis pubis (or midway between the umbilicus and inferior end of the sternal body or a hand's breadth below the xiphisternal joint); it intersects the first lumbar vertebral body near its lower border and meets the costal margins at the tips of the ninth costal cartilages.Passes through Pylorus of stomach.
corresponds to a line round the trunk level with the iliac tubercles ; it cuts the front of the fifth lumbar vertebral body near its upper border.
Horizontal planesTranstubercular plane
Transpyloric plane (of Addision)
A third horizontal plane, often used in abdominal topography, the subcostal plane, corresponds to a line level with the lowest limits of the tenth costal cartilages. It cuts the front of the third lumbar vertebral body nears its upper border. It often replaces the transpyloric plane in descriptions of abdominal regions.
Subcostal plane
On the body's posterior surface a transverse line between the highest points on the iliac crests and level with the fourth lumbar vertebral spinous process delineates a supracristal plane.
Supracristal plane
Right and left lateral planes:
indicated on the surface by vertical lines through points midway between the anterior superior iliac spines and the symphysis pubis (these lines are also called 'mid-clavicular' or 'mammary' lines).
Vertical planes
Planes for Demarcation of Abdominal RegionPlanes for Demarcation of Abdominal Region
Division of Abdomen in to Nine Division of Abdomen in to Nine QuadrantsQuadrants
Abdomen is divided into nine Regions by Abdomen is divided into nine Regions by Two Horizontal and Two Vertical Planes.Two Horizontal and Two Vertical Planes.
Planes used for demarcation are:Planes used for demarcation are:– Horizontal planes : Transpyloric plane and Horizontal planes : Transpyloric plane and
Transtubercular planes Transtubercular planes – Vertical Planes : Right and left Lateral planesVertical Planes : Right and left Lateral planes
Three regions on Right and Left sides Three regions on Right and Left sides each and Three regions in the central each and Three regions in the central part.part.
L
L
Abdominal QuadrantsAbdominal Quadrants
Abdominal QuadrantsAbdominal Quadrants
Regions of AbdomenRegions of Abdomen
Right Hypochondriac regionRight Hypochondriac region: Lateral to : Lateral to right lateral plane and above right lateral plane and above transpyloric plane.transpyloric plane.
Right Lumbar regionRight Lumbar region: Lateral to right : Lateral to right lateral plane, below transpyloric plane lateral plane, below transpyloric plane and above transtubercular plane.and above transtubercular plane.
Right Iliac regionRight Iliac region: Lateral to right lateral : Lateral to right lateral plane and below transtubercular plane.plane and below transtubercular plane.
Regions of AbdomenRegions of Abdomen
Left Hypochondriac regionLeft Hypochondriac region: Lateral to : Lateral to left lateral plane and above transpyloric left lateral plane and above transpyloric plane.plane.
Left Lumbar regionLeft Lumbar region: Lateral to left : Lateral to left lateral plane, below transpyloric plane lateral plane, below transpyloric plane and above transtubercular plane.and above transtubercular plane.
Left Iliac regionLeft Iliac region: Lateral to left lateral : Lateral to left lateral plane and below transtubercular plane.plane and below transtubercular plane.
Regions of AbdomenRegions of Abdomen
Epigastric regionEpigastric region: Medial to right and : Medial to right and left lateral planes and above left lateral planes and above transpyloric plane.transpyloric plane.
Umbilical regionUmbilical region: Medial to right and : Medial to right and left lateral planes, below transpyloric left lateral planes, below transpyloric plane and above transtubercular plane.plane and above transtubercular plane.
Hypogastric regionHypogastric region: Medial to right and : Medial to right and left lateral planes and below left lateral planes and below transtubercular plane.transtubercular plane.
Arrangement of Arrangement of Structures in Structures in
AbdomenAbdomen
Skeleton of AbdomenSkeleton of Abdomen
Posterior Abdominal WallPosterior Abdominal Wall
Muscles: Muscles: – DiaphragmDiaphragm– Psoas MajorPsoas Major– Quadratus Quadratus
lumborumlumborum– Transversus Transversus
AbdominisAbdominis– IliacusIliacus
Posterior Abdominal WallPosterior Abdominal Wall Main Vessels:Main Vessels:
– Abdomonal Aorta Abdomonal Aorta and its branchesand its branches
– Inferior vena cava Inferior vena cava and its tributariesand its tributaries
Nerves:Nerves:– Subcostal nerveSubcostal nerve– Ilioinguinal and Ilioinguinal and
Iliohypogastric Iliohypogastric nervesnerves
– Femoral nervesFemoral nerves– Genitofemoral Genitofemoral
nervesnerves– Obturator nervesObturator nerves– Sympathetic chainSympathetic chain
Posterior Abdominal WallPosterior Abdominal Wall
Organs:Organs:– Kidneys and ureterKidneys and ureter– Suprarenal glandsSuprarenal glands– PancreasPancreas– DuodenumDuodenum
Disposition of Abdominal Disposition of Abdominal OrgansOrgans
Disposition in AbdomenDisposition in Abdomen
Liver and gall Liver and gall bladderbladder
StomachStomach SpleenSpleen Greater and lesser Greater and lesser
omentumomentum
Disposition in AbdomenDisposition in Abdomen
Small intestine and Small intestine and its parts: Jejunum its parts: Jejunum and Ileumand Ileum
Disposition in AbdomenDisposition in Abdomen
Large intestine and Large intestine and its parts: its parts:
Cecum and appendixCecum and appendix Ascending colon, Ascending colon,
Transverse colon Transverse colon and descending and descending coloncolon
Pelvic colon Pelvic colon RectumRectum
ReferencesReferences
Clinical Anatomy by Richard Snell (8Clinical Anatomy by Richard Snell (8thth Edition)Edition)
Gray’s Anatomy (40Gray’s Anatomy (40thth Edition) Edition)
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