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Vehicular Traffic Volume Vehicular Traffic Volume Characteristics of Urban Characteristics of Urban Roadways in KuwaitRoadways in KuwaitAhmad H. AljassarAhmad H. AljassarAssociate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Kuwait Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Kuwait UniversityUniversitye-mail: e-mail: [email protected]
Mohammed A. Ali Mohammed A. AliSenior Project Manager, D A Watt Consulting Group Ltd., Calgary, Senior Project Manager, D A Watt Consulting Group Ltd., Calgary, CanadaCanadae-mail: e-mail: [email protected]
Omar I. Al-Saleh Omar I. Al-Saleh Assistant Vice President for Planning, Kuwait University, KuwaitAssistant Vice President for Planning, Kuwait University, Kuwaite-mail: e-mail: [email protected]
Sadon A. Al-KhaldiSadon A. Al-KhaldiDirector of Engineering Department, General Traffic Department, Director of Engineering Department, General Traffic Department, Ministry of Interior, KuwaitMinistry of Interior, Kuwait
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
The traffic count information is extremely The traffic count information is extremely important to traffic planning, design, and important to traffic planning, design, and operation. operation.
Traffic data is regularly requested and used Traffic data is regularly requested and used by developers, consultants, real estate by developers, consultants, real estate agents, homeowner associations, and agents, homeowner associations, and government agencies. government agencies.
Geometric and structural designs of roads Geometric and structural designs of roads depend among other factors on traffic depend among other factors on traffic volumes, their mix characteristics, loads, and volumes, their mix characteristics, loads, and distribution with time of the day, day of the distribution with time of the day, day of the week, and month of the year. week, and month of the year.
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Traffic volumes are measured using the Traffic volumes are measured using the average annual daily traffic (AADT). average annual daily traffic (AADT).
During some parts of year, traffic may be During some parts of year, traffic may be higher than the AADT, and in others it may higher than the AADT, and in others it may be lower than this value. be lower than this value.
AADT provides a typical daily traffic AADT provides a typical daily traffic volume at any location, usable for most volume at any location, usable for most situations where traffic counts are needed situations where traffic counts are needed as an input to a planning and/or as an input to a planning and/or engineering analysis.engineering analysis.
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
In order to obtain the traffic characteristics in In order to obtain the traffic characteristics in Kuwait Road Network, a research project was Kuwait Road Network, a research project was sponsored by the Research Administration of sponsored by the Research Administration of Kuwait University. Kuwait University.
The Ministry of Interior, Kuwait, supported The Ministry of Interior, Kuwait, supported the project by allowing to use some of their the project by allowing to use some of their permanent count stations and providing very permanent count stations and providing very useful input in the selection of count stations, useful input in the selection of count stations, and logistics and support for the installation and logistics and support for the installation of equipment. of equipment.
This paper presents some important This paper presents some important characteristics of the roadways obtained characteristics of the roadways obtained from the results of this study.from the results of this study.
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Study Area - Kuwait Kuwait is a rapidly developing country with a Kuwait is a rapidly developing country with a
population of more than 3 million. population of more than 3 million. It has an excellent road infrastructure It has an excellent road infrastructure
comparable to that of any industrialized comparable to that of any industrialized country. The roads in urban areas are country. The roads in urban areas are classified into the following functional classified into the following functional categories:categories:– Special Road Network (SRN),Special Road Network (SRN),– Primary Road Network (PRN),Primary Road Network (PRN),– Secondary Roads (SR), and Secondary Roads (SR), and – Local Roads (LR).Local Roads (LR).
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METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY
Fifteen representative sites from among Fifteen representative sites from among the four roadway types in Kuwait were the four roadway types in Kuwait were selected for continuous monitoring of selected for continuous monitoring of traffic for this project. traffic for this project.
The count sites were selected based on The count sites were selected based on the functional classification of the the functional classification of the roadways as well as the observed traffic roadways as well as the observed traffic pattern. pattern.
The count sites were finalized after The count sites were finalized after review meetings with the MOI and the review meetings with the MOI and the MPW representatives.MPW representatives.
Count Locations
METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY
METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY
ADR 3000, automatic data recorder ADR 3000, automatic data recorder (from PEEK TRAFFIC) and TCC 540 traffic (from PEEK TRAFFIC) and TCC 540 traffic counters (from International Road counters (from International Road Dynamics) were used for monitoring of Dynamics) were used for monitoring of traffic on the selected locations. traffic on the selected locations.
Inductive loops and piezoelectric Inductive loops and piezoelectric sensors were used to collect classified sensors were used to collect classified traffic volume data and speeds by lane.traffic volume data and speeds by lane.
METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY
Installation of the counters was Installation of the counters was preceded by the construction of preceded by the construction of concrete foundations, installation of concrete foundations, installation of protection posts and security housings, protection posts and security housings, and cutting out of 2mx2m loops and and cutting out of 2mx2m loops and piezos in asphalt in all the lanes of the piezos in asphalt in all the lanes of the selected locations. selected locations.
After completing the setup, the After completing the setup, the programming of counters follows to programming of counters follows to collect the information on traffic by collect the information on traffic by lane, by class, and by speed. lane, by class, and by speed.
METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY
Data was uploaded from all the Data was uploaded from all the locations on a fortnightly basis, this locations on a fortnightly basis, this allowed the research team to minimize allowed the research team to minimize the 'data outage' or occurrence of the 'data outage' or occurrence of missing data. missing data.
The data was analyzed using a The data was analyzed using a customized software developed in customized software developed in Visual Basic. The AASHTO algorithm Visual Basic. The AASHTO algorithm was utilized for the data analysis.was utilized for the data analysis.
METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY
Quality AssuranceQuality Assurance Manual classified traffic count surveys Manual classified traffic count surveys
were performed during randomly were performed during randomly selected periods to validate the data. selected periods to validate the data.
Live feeds of traffic were captured Live feeds of traffic were captured using video technology for one hour using video technology for one hour each at the randomly selected time each at the randomly selected time periods and manual counts were periods and manual counts were performed in the office. performed in the office.
RESULTSRESULTS
Special Road Network (SRN)Special Road Network (SRN) The AADT for SRN was observed to be The AADT for SRN was observed to be
129,777, and the Average Weekday 129,777, and the Average Weekday Traffic (AWDT) was 137,184. Traffic (AWDT) was 137,184.
The AWDT was about 5.7% more than The AWDT was about 5.7% more than the AADT. The average peak hour the AADT. The average peak hour volume was over 8,000 vehicles (6% of volume was over 8,000 vehicles (6% of AADT). AADT).
The hourly expansion factor varied The hourly expansion factor varied from 15.7 in peak hour at 8:00 am to from 15.7 in peak hour at 8:00 am to 108.8 at 4:00 am. 108.8 at 4:00 am.
RESULTSRESULTS
Special Road Network (SRN)Special Road Network (SRN) The daily volume was rather uniform The daily volume was rather uniform
throughout the week with a DEF varying throughout the week with a DEF varying between 6.5-8.3. between 6.5-8.3.
The monthly factor varied from 0.9 to 1.1. The monthly factor varied from 0.9 to 1.1. Even though a number of people leave Even though a number of people leave
Kuwait for summer holidays during the Kuwait for summer holidays during the months of July-September, the traffic on months of July-September, the traffic on the SRNs remains consistent as these the SRNs remains consistent as these roads are the main carriers of traffic and roads are the main carriers of traffic and function as major corridors in the function as major corridors in the network. network.
RESULTSRESULTS
Primary Road Network (PRN)Primary Road Network (PRN) The AADT for PRN was observed to be The AADT for PRN was observed to be
126,342, and the AWDT was 133,567. 126,342, and the AWDT was 133,567. The average peak hour volume was The average peak hour volume was about 8,700 vehicles (6.5% of AADT). about 8,700 vehicles (6.5% of AADT).
Typical urban tidal flow on these roads Typical urban tidal flow on these roads is evident from the results where peaks is evident from the results where peaks shift directions between morning and shift directions between morning and afternoon peak hours. Friday (weekend) afternoon peak hours. Friday (weekend) traffic is very different from a weekday. traffic is very different from a weekday.
There is only one peak occurring There is only one peak occurring between 6-9 pm. between 6-9 pm.
RESULTSRESULTS
Primary Road Network (PRN)Primary Road Network (PRN) The daily volume is rather uniform The daily volume is rather uniform
throughout the week and low during throughout the week and low during weekends, being the lowest on Friday as weekends, being the lowest on Friday as expected. expected.
The daily volume was rather uniform with The daily volume was rather uniform with a DEF at about 6.6 during the weekdays a DEF at about 6.6 during the weekdays (Sat-Wed). (Sat-Wed).
Friday DEF was observed to be 9.458. The Friday DEF was observed to be 9.458. The monthly factor varied from 0.915 in April monthly factor varied from 0.915 in April to 1.141 in the summer month of August. to 1.141 in the summer month of August.
The traffic on these roads and other lower The traffic on these roads and other lower level roads show a decrease in traffic level roads show a decrease in traffic volume during summer holiday season.volume during summer holiday season.
RESULTSRESULTS
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RESULTSRESULTS
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RESULTSRESULTS
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RESULTSRESULTS
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RESULTSRESULTS
Secondary Roads (SR)Secondary Roads (SR) The AADT for SR was observed to be The AADT for SR was observed to be
49,461, and AWDT was 54,845. 49,461, and AWDT was 54,845. The average peak hour volume was about The average peak hour volume was about
3,800 vehicles (7% of AADT). The HEF was 3,800 vehicles (7% of AADT). The HEF was 13 at 9:00 pm and 557 at 5:00 am. 13 at 9:00 pm and 557 at 5:00 am.
The daily volume was rather uniform The daily volume was rather uniform throughout the weekdays with a DEF throughout the weekdays with a DEF varying between 6.4-6.6, and over 10 on varying between 6.4-6.6, and over 10 on Fridays. Fridays.
The monthly factor varied from 0.914 to The monthly factor varied from 0.914 to 1.086. The monthly variation was observed 1.086. The monthly variation was observed to be similar to that of the PRN and LR.to be similar to that of the PRN and LR.
RESULTSRESULTS
Local Roads (LR)Local Roads (LR) The AADT for LR was 2,032. The AADT for LR was 2,032. The average peak hour volume was The average peak hour volume was
about 166 vehicles (8% of AADT). about 166 vehicles (8% of AADT). The HEF varied from 11.8 at 7:00 The HEF varied from 11.8 at 7:00
pm to 537 at 4:00 am. pm to 537 at 4:00 am. The daily volume was rather The daily volume was rather
uniform throughout the weekdays uniform throughout the weekdays with a DEF ranging from 6.7 to 7.6. with a DEF ranging from 6.7 to 7.6.
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
This study established permanent traffic This study established permanent traffic counting stations for the counting stations for the first timefirst time in in Kuwait. Kuwait.
A review of literature has indicated that A review of literature has indicated that in several countries around the world, in several countries around the world, the continuous traffic counting programs the continuous traffic counting programs are used to collect various traffic are used to collect various traffic characteristics such as traffic volumes, characteristics such as traffic volumes, composition, traffic variation by day, composition, traffic variation by day, week, month, and year. week, month, and year.
Developed road-specific expansion Developed road-specific expansion factors may be used to estimate AADT factors may be used to estimate AADT from short-term counts in Kuwait. from short-term counts in Kuwait.
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
Hourly, daily, and monthly expansion Hourly, daily, and monthly expansion factors were developed for the four factors were developed for the four functional classes of roads in Kuwait. functional classes of roads in Kuwait.
SRN and PRN carried high peak hour SRN and PRN carried high peak hour volumes of more than 8,000 vph (about 6% volumes of more than 8,000 vph (about 6% of AADT) with an AADT of more than of AADT) with an AADT of more than 120,000 vehicles. 120,000 vehicles.
Daily expansion factors are rather uniform Daily expansion factors are rather uniform in the weekdays for both of these classes in the weekdays for both of these classes of roadways. of roadways.
Secondary roads carried about 50,000 Secondary roads carried about 50,000 vehicles per day with about 7% in peak vehicles per day with about 7% in peak hour. hour.
The AADT on local roads was about 2,000 The AADT on local roads was about 2,000 with 8% occurring in peak hour.with 8% occurring in peak hour.
. .. . وصلى الله وسلم وبارك على عبده ورسوله محمدوصلى الله وسلم وبارك على عبده ورسوله محمد
. .. . والحمد لله رب العالمينوالحمد لله رب العالمين
[email protected]@kuniv.edu.kw
Copy of this presentation available at
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