introducing to lac-ci
DESCRIPTION
Overview of Location Area Code - Cell ID (LAC-CI) in a GSM network (definition and the purpose).TRANSCRIPT
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3
LAC-CI is a in a Mobile Network Unique
Ident ity
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LAC-CI is Part of Cell Global Identity (CGI)
CGI is a unique global identity for a Cell in the world
MCC MNC LAC CI
3 digit 2 or 3 digit
5 digit 5 digit
CGI
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MCC
MCC (Mobile Country Code) is represent the country.
Indonesia : 510
Malaysia : 502
Singapore : 525
CGI Consist of MCC, MNC, LAC, & CI
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Indonesia : 510
Malaysia : 502
Singapore : 525
CGI Consist of MCC, MNC, LAC, & CI
MCC MNC
MCC (Mobile Country Code) is represent the country.
MNC (Mobile Network Code) is represent the Mobile Operator.
Indonesia : 510
Malaysia : 502
Singapore : 525
Telkomsel : 10
XL : 11
Indosat : 01
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10
01
11
09
08
27
07
28
99
89
Mobile Operators in Indonesia and their MNC
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Indonesia : 510
Malaysia : 502
Singapore : 525
CGI Consist of MCC, MNC, LAC, & CI
MCC MNC
MCC (Mobile Country Code) is represent the country.
MNC (Mobile Network Code) is represent the Mobile Operator.
Indonesia : 510
Malaysia : 502
Singapore : 525
Telkomsel : 10
XL : 11
Indosat : 01
Combination between MCC & MNC will be used to identify a mobile operator uniquely in the world.
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MCC MNC MSIN*
510 10 5411234567
*MSIN = Mobile Subscriber Identity Number
Beside in CGI, MCC & MNC also Used in IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity)
IMSI
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CGI Consist of MCC, MNC, LAC, & CI
MCC MNC LAC
MCC (Mobile Country Code) is represent the country.
MNC (Mobile Network Code) is represent the Mobile Operator.
LAC (Location Area Code) is represent a serving area in a GSM network.
Indonesia : 510
Malaysia : 502
Singapore : 525
Telkomsel : 10
XL : 11
Indosat : 01
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LAC=124
LAC=123 LAC=128
LAC=125
LAC=126
LAC=127 LAC=234
LAC=235
LAC=236
LAC=237 Usually, LAC is Defined Based on Geographical Area.
LAC=238
LAC=239
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CGI Consist of MCC, MNC, LAC, & CI
MCC MNC LAC
MCC (Mobile Country Code) is represent the country.
MNC (Mobile Network Code) is represent the Mobile Operator.
LAC (Location Area Code) is represent a serving area in a GSM network.
Indonesia : 510
Malaysia : 502
Singapore : 525
Telkomsel : 10
XL : 11
Indosat : 01
CI
CI (Cell ID) is represent a radio network element in a mobile operator.
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Physically, a CI (Cell ID) is configured as an ID of a BTS antenna.
1 CI
1 CI 1 CI
Totally, there are 3 CIs in this BTS
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This is Sample of a CGI in Telkomsel GSM Network
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Various Shape of Cell Coverage Area
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1
2
3
2 3
1
The Hexagon Coverage is shaped by building a BTS with 3 sectors (antenna) at each corner of
the hexagon. Each antenna has 60° beamwidth.
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1
The Circle Coverage is shaped by building a BTS with 1 sector (antenna) at each center of the circle.
Each antenna has 360° beamwidth.
1
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2 3
1 4
3 2
1 4
The Quadrangle Coverage is shaped by building a BTS with 4 sectors (antenna) at each corner
of the quandrangle. Each antenna has 90° beamwidth.
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Various Type of BTS Tower ………
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son mother
As Prerequisite of a Mobile Call Establishment. The Configuring Activity is Part of New BTS Deployment.
1
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BSC A MSC A
VLR A
MSC B
VLR B
HLR
LAC = 123, CI = 788
LAC = 123 CI = 787
BSC 1 LAC = 456,
CI = 789
BSC 2
MSISDN B = 0811XXXXX IMSI = XYZ
1
Subscriber A Dial MSISDN of Subscriber B (0811XXXXX)
Basic Call Establishment Flow in GSM
1
Subscriber A
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BSC A MSC A
VLR A
MSC B
VLR B
HLR
LAC = 123, CI = 788
LAC = 123 CI = 787
BSC 1 LAC = 456,
CI = 789
BSC 2
MSISDN B = 0811XXXXX IMSI = XYZ
1
Subscriber A Dial MSISDN of Subscriber B (0811XXXXX)
Basic Call Establishment Flow in GSM
2
1
2 MSC A ask what the IMSI and the current serving MSC of MSISDN B to HLR.
Subscriber A
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BSC A MSC A
VLR A
MSC B
VLR B
HLR
LAC = 123, CI = 788
LAC = 123 CI = 787
BSC 1 LAC = 456,
CI = 789
BSC 2
MSISDN B = 0811XXXXX IMSI = XYZ
1
Subscriber A Dial MSISDN of Subscriber B (0811XXXXX)
Basic Call Establishment Flow in GSM
2
1
2 MSC A ask what the IMSI and the current serving MSC of MSISDN B to HLR.
3
3
HLR send the IMSI of the IMSISDN B (IMSI=XZY) and also the information of it’s current serving MSC (MSC B)
Subscriber A
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BSC A MSC A
VLR A
MSC B
VLR B
HLR
LAC = 123, CI = 788
LAC = 123 CI = 787
BSC 1 LAC = 456,
CI = 789
BSC 2
MSISDN B = 0811XXXXX IMSI = XYZ
1
Subscriber A Dial MSISDN of Subscriber B (0811XXXXX)
Basic Call Establishment Flow in GSM
2
1
2 MSC A ask what the IMSI and the current serving MSC of MSISDN B to HLR.
3
3
HLR send the IMSI of the IMSISDN B (IMSI=XZY) and also the information of it’s current serving MSC (MSC B)
4 MSC B send the IMSI XYZ to it’s VLR to asking the current LAC that serving the MSISDN B.
Subscriber A 4
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BSC A MSC A
VLR A
MSC B
VLR B
HLR
LAC = 123, CI = 788
LAC = 123 CI = 787
BSC 1 LAC = 456,
CI = 789
BSC 2
MSISDN B = 0811XXXXX IMSI = XYZ
1
Subscriber A Dial MSISDN of Subscriber B (0811XXXXX)
Basic Call Establishment Flow in GSM
2
1
2 MSC A ask what the IMSI and the current serving MSC of MSISDN B to HLR.
3
3
HLR send the IMSI of the IMSISDN B (IMSI=XZY) and also the information of it’s current serving MSC (MSC B)
4 MSC B send the IMSI XYZ to it’s VLR to asking the current LAC that serving the MSISDN B.
5 VLR B answer by sending the serving LAC (LAC=123) to MSC B.
5
Subscriber A 4
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BSC A MSC A
VLR A
MSC B
VLR B
HLR
LAC = 123, CI = 788
LAC = 123 CI = 787
BSC 1 LAC = 456,
CI = 789
BSC 2
MSISDN B = 0811XXXXX IMSI = XYZ
1
Subscriber A Dial MSISDN of Subscriber B (0811XXXXX)
Basic Call Establishment Flow in GSM
2
1
2 MSC A ask what the IMSI and the current serving MSC of MSISDN B to HLR.
3
3
HLR send the IMSI of the IMSISDN B (IMSI=XZY) and also the information of it’s current serving MSC (MSC B)
4 MSC B send the IMSI XYZ to it’s VLR to asking the current LAC that serving the MSISDN B.
5 VLR B answer by sending the serving LAC (LAC=123) to MSC B.
5
6
6 MSC B order BSC with LAC=123 to send paging command to all cell with LAC=123
Subscriber A 4
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BSC A MSC A
VLR A
MSC B
VLR B
HLR
LAC = 123, CI = 788
LAC = 123 CI = 787
BSC 1 LAC = 456,
CI = 789
BSC 2
MSISDN B = 0811XXXXX IMSI = XYZ
1
Subscriber A Dial MSISDN of Subscriber B (0811XXXXX)
Basic Call Establishment Flow in GSM
2
1
2 MSC A ask what the IMSI and the current serving MSC of MSISDN B to HLR.
3
3
HLR send the IMSI of the IMSISDN B (IMSI=XZY) and also the information of it’s current serving MSC (MSC B)
4 MSC B send the IMSI XYZ to it’s VLR to asking the current LAC that serving the MSISDN B.
5 VLR B answer by sending the serving LAC (LAC=123) to MSC B.
5
6
6 MSC B order BSC with LAC=123 to send paging command to all cell with LAC=123
7
7 Order all cell with LAC=123 to broadcast paging.
Subscriber A 4
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BSC A MSC A
VLR A
MSC B
VLR B
HLR
IMSI XYZ
IMSI XYZ
IMSI XYZ
LAC = 123, CI = 788
LAC = 123 CI = 787
BSC 1
IMSI XYZ
IMSI XYZ
IMSI XYZ
LAC = 456, CI = 789
BSC 2
MSISDN B = 0811XXXXX IMSI = XYZ
1
Subscriber A Dial MSISDN of Subscriber B (0811XXXXX)
Basic Call Establishment Flow in GSM
2
1
2 MSC A ask what the IMSI and the current serving MSC of MSISDN B to HLR.
3
3
HLR send the IMSI of the IMSISDN B (IMSI=XZY) and also the information of it’s current serving MSC (MSC B)
4 MSC B send the IMSI XYZ to it’s VLR to asking the current LAC that serving the MSISDN B.
5 VLR B answer by sending the serving LAC (LAC=123) to MSC B.
5
6
6 MSC B order BSC with LAC=123 to send paging command to all cell with LAC=123
7
7 Order all cell with LAC=123 to broadcast paging.
8 All cell with LAC=123 broadcast paging with key information is IMSI = XYZ to all MSISDN in it’s coverage.
8
8
Subscriber A 4
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BSC A MSC A
VLR A
MSC B
VLR B
HLR
IMSI XYZ
IMSI XYZ
IMSI XYZ
LAC = 123, CI = 788
LAC = 123 CI = 787
BSC 1
IMSI XYZ
IMSI XYZ
IMSI XYZ
LAC = 456, CI = 789
BSC 2
MSISDN B = 0811XXXXX IMSI = XYZ
1
Subscriber A Dial MSISDN of Subscriber B (0811XXXXX)
Basic Call Establishment Flow in GSM
2
1
2 MSC A ask what the IMSI and the current serving MSC of MSISDN B to HLR.
3
3
HLR send the IMSI of the IMSISDN B (IMSI=XZY) and also the information of it’s current serving MSC (MSC B)
4 MSC B send the IMSI XYZ to it’s VLR to asking the current LAC that serving the MSISDN B.
5 VLR B answer by sending the serving LAC (LAC=123) to MSC B.
5
6
6 MSC B order BSC with LAC=123 to send paging command to all cell with LAC=123
7
7 Order all cell with LAC=123 to broadcast paging.
8 All cell with LAC=123 broadcast paging with key information is IMSI = XYZ to all MSISDN in it’s coverage.
8
8
9 MSISDN B (IMSI=XYZ ) that served by LAC=123 CI=787 receive the paging signal and then ringing, then answer the call, and the call established.
9
Subscriber A 4
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BSC A MSC A
VLR A
MSC B
VLR B
HLR
IMSI XYZ
IMSI XYZ
IMSI XYZ
LAC = 123, CI = 788
LAC = 123 CI = 787
BSC 1
IMSI XYZ
IMSI XYZ
IMSI XYZ
LAC = 456, CI = 789
BSC 2
MSISDN B = 0811XXXXX IMSI = XYZ
1
Subscriber A Dial MSISDN of Subscriber B (0811XXXXX)
Basic Call Establishment Flow in GSM
2
1
2 MSC A ask what the IMSI and the current serving MSC of MSISDN B to HLR.
3
3
HLR send the IMSI of the IMSISDN B (IMSI=XZY) and also the information of it’s current serving MSC (MSC B)
4 MSC B send the IMSI XYZ to it’s VLR to asking the current LAC that serving the MSISDN B.
5 VLR B answer by sending the serving LAC (LAC=123) to MSC B.
5
6
6 MSC B order BSC with LAC=123 to send paging command to all cell with LAC=123
7
7 Order all cell with LAC=123 to broadcast paging.
8 All cell with LAC=123 broadcast paging with key information is IMSI = XYZ to all MSISDN in it’s coverage.
8
8
9 MSISDN B (IMSI=XYZ ) that served by LAC=123 CI=787 receive the paging signal and then ringing, then answer the call, and the call established.
9
Subscriber A 4
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To Provision Various of Mobile Services Properly
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Sample of The Impact of Invalid LAC-CI Configuration to a Mobile Services : Subscriber Charged with Wrong Tariff
Core Network
Table of Tariff Zone
12345-54321 Aceh
Billing System
12345-54321
VAS Network
Billing System
Physically, LAC-CI = 12345-54321 is located in Jakarta. But in the Billing System it’s configured in Aceh (it’s a
wrong configuration).
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Sample of The Impact of Invalid LAC-CI Configuration to a Mobile Services : Subscriber Charged with Wrong Tariff
Core Network
Table of Tariff Zone
12345-54321 Aceh
Billing System
12345-54321
VAS Network
Billing System
Subscriber B
Subscriber A
When Subscriber A (in Jakarta and serving by LAC-CI = 12345-54321) call subscriber B (in Jakarta), the call could be charged with wrong tariff, because Billing
System recognizes LAC-CI = 12345-54321 is in Aceh.
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To be Used as Data by Many Kinds of Operation & Business Support Systems
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Operation Performance Reporting &
Analysis
Asset Management
System
Business Performance Reporting &
Analysis
Corporate
Performance Dashboard
Fault Management
System
Configuration Management
System
Many of Operation & Business Support Systems use LAC-CI as data source and reference data in their systems. If the configuration
of LAC-CI across the network elements is not done properly, the information that produced by OSBSS will not valid too.
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THANK YOU. Hopefully this is useful for you.
In Indonesia We say it :
“TERIMA KASIH. Semoga bermanfa’at.