intro to western europe continent of peninsulas
TRANSCRIPT
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INTRO TO WESTERN EUROPE
Continent of Peninsulas
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4 MAJOR LANDFORMS
NORTHWEST HIGHLANDS-low mtns & hills SCOTTISH HIGHLANDS KJOLEN MTNS. “OLD”, ERODED MTNS; GLACIERS Fjords: narrow inlets of the sea
between high rocky cliffs Caused by glaciers Many lakes created
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2nd landform
Northern European PlainRuns from France to the UralsMany rivers and major citiesMost important farming and
industrial areaMost densely populatedCreated by glaciers
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3rd main landform region
Central Uplands Hills, plateaus, low mountains Coal and manufacturing areas Jura Mtns—France/Switzerland Massif Central-France
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4TH MAJOR LANDFORM Alpine System-volcanic mtns. Appennines—Italy Carpathians Pyrenees—France/Spain border Still active volcanoes/earthquakes
Italy, Greece, Iceland
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CLIMATEOF EUROPE 3 MAJOR INFLUENCES 1-ATLANTIC OCEAN—North Atlantic Drift
Affect?
2-MOUNTAINS—ALPS SEPARATE HUMID CONTINENTAL FROM MEDITERRANEAN Affect?
3-SOUTHERN COASTAL AREAS
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3 MAIN CLIMATE TYPES
1-Marine West Coast Where? Pattern?
2-Humic ContinentalWhere?Pattern?
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Climate Types
3-Mediterranean Where? Pattern? Why?
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VEGETATION 4 MAIN BIOMES 1-TEMPERATE FOREST
2-MEDITERRANEAN SCRUB FOREST
3-BOREAL-- 4-TUNDRA—FAR NORTH PROBLEMS:
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WATER FEATURES 4 KEY FACTS 1-IRREGULAR COASTLINES—HARBORS
Most important—North Sea—trade/fishing/oil Baltic Sea-freezes in winter
2-NAVIGABLE RIVERS + CANALS Rhine—most important Starts in Alps-----to North Sea Danube—2nd most important Starts in S. Germany-----Black Sea
3-HEAVILY POLLUTED/OVERUSED FOR TRADE 4-Bosporus Strait—water border between
Europe & Asia
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RESOURCES 1-FORESTS—MOST ARE GONE EXCEPT
FINLAND & SWEDEN PROBLEMS— SOLUTIONS:
2-SOIL—OVERUSED; BUT HIGH TECH FARMS ARE VERY PRODUCTIVE
Loess— Alluvial Soil- Northern European Plain ½ of land used for farming Types of crops--
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Resources Continued 3-FISHING North Sea and North Atlantic
4-ENERGY & MINERALS A-coal— Germany, Britain & Poland B-Oil & Natural Gas
North Sea
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ENERGY & MINERALS1-COAL Germany, Britain & Poland 2-OIL & NATURAL GAS
North Sea Britain & Norway
3-HYDROELECTRICITYWhere?
4-OTHER ITEMSSweden—iron ore (Kiruna)Italy--marble
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MICROSTATES
UNIQUE TO EUROPE TINY NATIONS USUALLY
SURROUNDED BY ANOTHER NATION
EXAMPLES: MONACO, VATICAN CITY, ANDORRA ETC.
*POSTAGE STAMPS & TOURISM
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HISTORY OF EUROPE
WAR & CONQUEST GREEK EMPIRE 900 TO 300 B.C.
1ST IDEAS OF GOVERNMENT ART/BUILDINGS LARGE ARMIES TO EXPAND
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HISTORY CONTINUED
ROMAN EMPIRE 200 B.C. TO 500 A.D. ITALY, ISRAEL, NORTH AFRICA ART/ BUILDINGS LARGE NAVY/ARMY GODS/GODDESSES
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HISTORY-3 MIDDLE AGES 500-1500 A.D.
LITTLE KINGDOMS WAR, FAMINE, DISEASE “BLACK PLAGUE”
1500 A.D. ITALY MOST IMPORTANT EUROPEAN NATION
2 KEY CITIES—VENICE & GENOA EXPLORE & COLONIZE
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START OF IMPERIALISM WHY TAKE OVER OTHER NATIONS?
LATE 1500’S FRANCE, SPAIN, PORTUGAL & ENGLAND
1600’S-FRANCE CONTROL WESTERN & CENTRAL EUROPE
1700-BRITAIN DEFEATS FRANCE & SPAIN IN WAR
BECOMES LARGEST POWER INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
NEED RESOURCES, LABOR & MARKETS
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IMPERIALISM PART 2
1871-GERMANY BECOMES A LARGE POWER IN EUROPE
ALLIANCE SYSTEM SECRET AGREEMENTS TO HELP EACH
OTHER IN CASE OF AN ATTACK
BALANCE OF POWER
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WORLD WAR I-1914-1918 GERMANY & AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE
VS. BRITAIN/FRANCE/RUSSIA REASONS FOR FIGHTING:
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of A-H empire by a Serb (Russian ally)
Alliances force nations to help out Increased military means all conflict leads to
war Winners—Britain/France/ US Losers-Germany/A-H empire (fell apart)
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After WWI Unstable governments Take land away from Germany Economic problems—no work, no trade,
no food War debt of $30 bil Money is worthless
GREAT DEPRESSION
Rise of dictators—Hitler, Mussolini because of nationalism
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WORLD WAR 2 1939-45
Germany invades Poland Germany takes land back in Czech,
Austria etc. Axis Powers—Germany, Italy &
Japan Allied Powers-US, France, Britan,
USSR Holocaust
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After WW2—1945+DIVISION OF GERMANY
WESTDemocraticRicherRebuilt by
US/Britain
EAST Communist Controlled by
USSR poorer
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COLD WAR 1945-89 ARMS RACE SPACE RACE NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Military agreement Stop spread of
communism MARSHALL PLAN
Economic agreements Rebuild Western
Europe
WARSAW PACT Military agreement Spread communism USSR/Eastern
European nations
COMECON Economic agreement
to rebuild Eastern Europe