intro to the universe and the solar system
TRANSCRIPT
THE UNIVERSE AND SOLAR SYSTEM
Prepared by: Jan Camille TongcoS.Y. 2016 - 2017
The Universe is all of time and space and its contents. It includes planets,
moons, minor planets, stars, galaxies, the contents of intergalactic space,
and all matter and energy.
What is the Universe?
Scientific Models of the Universe
Nicolaus Copernicus(February 1473 – 24 May
1543)
Heliocentric Model- Sun is the center of the
Solar SystemLaw of Planetary Motion
- elliptical planet orbits
Johannes Kepler (December 27, 1571 – November 15, 1630)
Galileo Galilei (February 15,1564 –
January 8, 1642)
Father of Observational Astronomy
What can we see in the Solar System?
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
Sun
Planets & its Satellites
Dwarf Planets
Other Objects
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
• Consists of the Sun and the celestial objects bound by gravity: 8 planets, 5 dwarf planets, 173 known moons / satellite and billions of small bodies
• The dimension of the Solar System are specified in terms if the mean distance from Earth to the Sun called “Astronomical Unit” (AU)
• 1 AU = 150 km• Diameter: 1.41 x 1010 meters of 13 light hours
- Origin of name: SOL – Latin for “sun”
- Discovered: Known since antiquity
- Surface Temperature: 5,500◦C (9,932 ◦ F)
- Core Temperature: 15 million◦ C (27 million ◦ F)
Sun
1. Photosphere – surface of the Sun covered by 2 layers of atmosphere:– Chromosphere – made of hot gases (mainly hydrogen) that swirl
around the surface of the Sun– Corona – outermost layer of the Sun and stretches towards
planets as far as Mercury2. Core – light is created by nuclear reactions between
hydrogen and helium3. Radiative Zone – heat created by the core moves outward
through the gases4. Convective Zone – energy is transported by the convection5. Sunspots – dark spots appearing at the surface of the
Earth
Sun
Sun
- Greek word meaning “wanderer”- According to AIU: it is a celestial body
that: a. orbits around the Sunb. has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that t assumes a hydrostatic (nearly round) shapec. has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit
Planets
- Revolve counterclockwise around the sun together with the satellite systems except for Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune
- 2 Groups separated by the Asteroid Belt: Inner / Terrestrial Planets Outer / Jovian (Jupiter-Like) Planets
Planets
Inner Planets- Small and composed primarily of
rock and iron, and have compact and rocky surfaces
MercuryVenusEarthMars
Outer / Jovian Planets
- Much larger and have gaseous nature consists mainly of hydrogen, helium, ice
JupiterSaturnUranusNeptune
http://www.webtoons.com/en/comedy/safely-endangered/ep-13/viewer?title_no=352&episode_no=13
Dwarf Planets- A celestial body that:
a. is in orbit around the Sunb. has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shapec. has not cleared the neighbor around its orbitd. is not a satellite
Dwarf Planets
Pluto Ceres Eris Makemake
Other ObjectsAsteroids- Celestial bodies of various
sizes that move in orbit primarily between Mars and Jupiter
Meteors- Inner and outer regions of the
Solar System- Shooting stars- smallest bodies in the Solar
System that can be observed by the naked eye
Comets- Ball of ice and rock that
orbits the Sun- - comes from the outer
fringes of the Solar System
Resources:
The New Solar System. Nexlight Corporation. Philippine Copyright 2015
Science: A Closer Look. The McGnaw-Hill Companies Inc. Phoenix Publishing House. 2011. pp 318 - 344
Let’s Find Out:How did the Universe form?
Library Work:Look for a folklore / story / essay that discusses how the Universe
started