An introduction to the Periodic Table and its elements

Period

Grou

p

Names of the first 20 elements:

1. Hydrogen – H2. Helium – He3. Lithium – Li4. Beryllium – Be5. Boron – B 6. Carbon – C7. Nitrogen – N 8. Oxygen – O 9. Fluorine – F 10.Neon – Ne

11.Sodium – Na 12.Magnesium – Mg13.Aluminium –Aℓ14.Silicon – Si15.Phosphorous – P16.Sulfur – S17.Chlorine – Cℓ18.Argon – Ar19.Potassium – K20.Calcium - Ca

HydrogenHydrogen is used in rocket fuel.

HeliumIs used as a flotation device, as it is the second least dense gas, which is also stable.

LithiumUsed in batteries and medicine.

BerylliumBeryllium compounds are used in multi-layered shields on nose cones of high-speed machines such as space shuttles and missiles.

BoronIs used in flares and boron filaments are used in the aerospace industry.

CarbonDiamonds, charcoal and the lead in pencils are all made of carbon.

NitrogenIs used in the production of explosives and fertiliser. It is the most common element in the atmosphere at 78%.

Oxygen Supports combustion, and takes up

21% of the atmosphere.It is also necessary for respiration.

Fluorine Is an important component of toothpaste.

Fluorine gas

Neon Is used in neon lights, because it is an inert gas.

Sodium Is used in streetlights, and reacts spontaneously with air and water.

Magnesium Used in the sparkles at Spur (in fireworks). It is

also present in ‘mag’ wheels.

AluminiumUsed in aircraft construction and industry because it is light and tough.

SiliconGlass, implants, silicon sealant, and microchips all use compounds with silicon in them.

Phosphorous Is used in

detergents, fireworks, fertiliser

and matches. It reacts

spontaneously in air, and has to be

stored under water.

Sulphur Is used in dermatological medication and in the production of fireworks and matches.

ChlorineNamed for the Greek word for ‘green’. Chlorine is a greenish-yellow poisonous gas. It was used in WWI as a chemical warfare agent.

Argon Used as an inert, or non-

reactive gas in welding and in the old 60 watt globes.

PotassiumIs used in fertiliser.

Calcium Found in your bones and teeth, and is a key component in your plaster cast when you break your arm.

Other important elements:

24. Cr – chrome25. Mn – manganese26. Fe – iron29. Cu – copper30. Zn – zinc

35. Br – bromine47. Ag – silver53. I – iodine79. Au - gold80. Hg – mercury

Chrome is used to plate other

metals, especially the finishes on

cars.

Manganese Used in flashlight batteries, prevent metals from rusting, decolours glass. Compounds are used as paint colour and goes into fertiliser and ceramics.

Alloys of iron are

used everywhere

in our environmen

t.

Copper is used daily for household wiring.

Zinc is used for roofing and as a component of sunscreen and lipstick.

Bromine waterBromine is an extremely toxic reddish-brown liquid at room temperature. It is used in photographic film.

Silver is used in jewellery and as the backing of mirrors.

Iodine

Iodine is used as an antiseptic when it is

dissolved. It is a dark purple crystal that

sublimates to a purple gas when heated.

Gold is used for jewellery.

Mercury is the only metal that is in the liquid phase at room temperature. Mercury is very dangerous and affects the brain.We use it in thermometers and compact fluorescent lights.

Group 1 or I:Alkali metals

• All (except Hydrogen) are metals.• Very soft metals.• React spontaneously with air and

water.• Stored under paraffin or oil.

Group 2 or IIAlkali-earth metals

• Behave similar to group one elements, but over a much longer period.

Group 7 or VIIHalogens

• All form toxic gases• In small doses or compound form

these are used as antiseptics.

Group 8/0/VIIINoble gases

All are inert gases – they do not react with other substances.

Slide 1: https://dncache-mauganscorp.netdna-ssl.com/thumbseg/530/530176-bigthumbnail.jpg Slide 2; 35 – 38: http://removeandreplace.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/The-Periodic-Table-Of-The-Elements.jpg Slide 3: https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/images/110876main_image_feature_287_ajhfull.jpg Slide 4: http://orbitalvector.com/Aircraft/Airships/aeros-airship-630-0208-de.jpg Slide 5: http://orbitalvector.com/Aircraft/Airships/aeros-airship-630-0208-de.jpg Slide 6: http://blogs-images.forbes.com/aarontilley/files/2015/01/573a895dc71668131574ac8311a83082-e1422397371249-1940x1091.jpeg lithium on water vid: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vxqe_ZOwsHs lithium on water gif: http://makeagif.com/H_yw3n Slide 7: https://static-secure.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Observer/Columnist/Columnists/2010/8/21/1282408854287/US-Navy-launches-Trident--001.jpg Slide 8: https://i.ytimg.com/vi/0QBCyOrjR2o/maxresdefault.jpg Slide 9: https://static-secure.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Money/Pix/pictures/2010/4/16/1271419559750/Diamond-merchants-are-rep-001.jpg Slide 10: http://www.chemistrydemos.co.uk/Images/Liquid%20Nitrogen.jpg Slide 11: http://deskbg.com/s3/wpp/11/11826/space-walk-desktop-background.jpg Slide 12: Toothpaste: http://blog.casper.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/toothpaste_river.jpg Fluorine gas: http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/@api/deki/files/1082/Fluorine.jpg?size=bestfit&width=200&height=200&revision=1 Slide 13: http://sushibird.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/13013007.jpg Slide 14: Salt: http://www.precisionnutrition.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/ECORAIL-Transucre.jpg sodium on water gif: http://makeagif.com/0Mdl6l sodium on water vid: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmcfsEEogxs Slide 15: Fountain fireworks: https://i.ytimg.com/vi/miVQVDlyFYs/maxresdefault.jpg Sparkler vid: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDgi2VDq-tI Sparkler gif: http://makeagif.com/m2H4U_ Slide 16: http://www.projectali.co.uk/uploads/files/Recycle_-_Aluminium.jpg

Slide 17: http://images.wisegeek.com/michael-tieck.jpg Slide 18: Fireworks: http://f.tqn.com/y/dc/1/S/C/E/2/alexandria-fireworks.jpg Match vid https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tUOHFztpOh0 match gif: http://makeagif.com/eDmTzw Slide 19: http://images.wisegeek.com/volcanic-sulfur.jpg Slide 20: http://cdn.lightgalleries.net/4bd5ec148405e/images/Underwater-19-2.jpg chlorine gas: http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/304/media/images/74307000/jpg/_74307123_sodium-chlorine.jpg Slide 21: http://fpi-global.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Fotolia_73149450_Subscription_Monthly_XL.jpg Slide 22: potassium and water vid: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oqMN3y8k9So gif: http://makeagif.com/_nhsq7 image: http://i.ebayimg.com/00/s/NTY2WDg0OQ==/z/5vYAAOSw3ydV1HeQ/$_32.JPG?set_id=880000500F Slide 23: http://foodphotography.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/026-calcium-enriched-milk-healthy-strong-bones-professional-food-drink-beverage-photography.jpg gif: http://www.northcountrymaple.com/NCM/Moving-Skeleton.gif Slide 25: http://pictures.topspeed.com/IMG/crop/201310/star-motorcycles-roa-24_600x0w.jpg Slide 26: http://www.beavertonoregon.gov/images/pages/N920/PROG%20RECY%20PIC%20BATTERY%20mixed%20alkaline_Webcompressed_cropped2.jpg cross-section: http://www.upsbatterycenter.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/dry-cell-battery.jpg Slide 27: train tracks: http://cdn.silodrome.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Railroad-Tracks-Wallpaper.jpg iron madn: http://cdn.wonderfulengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/iron-man-wallpaper-10.jpg Slide 28: http://meetgray.com/Media/Default/%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B5%20%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%82%20%D0%BD%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C/statue-of-liberty.jpg

Slide 29: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QJpeMWWjXUo/TxmPmrXny4I/AAAAAAAABvg/UsRCi_Cb-Xg/w1200-h630-p-nu/lipstick-tubes-garry-gay.jpg Slide 30: https://pixabay.com/static/uploads/photo/2012/12/18/18/02/film-70638_640.jpg bromine gas/liquid: http://www.rsc.org/images/FEATURE-WEAK-FORCES-250_tcm18-188573.jpg Slide 31: http://www.thecapitalgoldgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/capital-gold-photo-blog27.jpg Slide 32: tincture: http://www.psoriasisdietplan.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/iodine.jpg elemental iodine: http://www.empirestatemetals.com/images/iodine-bottles.jpg Slide 33: http://liquidfin.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/coin-buyers-in-South-Africa-749x320.jpg Slide 34: http://static1.squarespace.com/static/5421d609e4b09e6ad8cd4e3d/t/542a17aee4b0ccd33e5ba967/1412044721198/alternative+lighting.jpg?format=2500w Slide 35: vid: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uixxJtJPVXk gif: http://makeagif.com/tRZfjI