Intro to the Muscular System

Three Types of Muscle Tissue

Cardiac

• Only found in the heart.• Works independently of the

brain.

Smooth• Involuntary muscle found in

organs.

Three Types of Muscle Tissue

Skeletal• Most abundant muscle tissue in the body.• Responsible for voluntary movement.• What we will spend most of the time talking

about.

The Golden Rule

• Muscles pull, not push. – What do they pull on?– How many “pulls” do your muscles make in one

rep with a barbell?

Important Terms

• Voluntary Muscle

• Prime Mover (Agonist)– Muscle responsible for a

particular movement

• Involuntary Muscle• Antagonist

– Counters a movement made by an agonist

• Synergist– Helps a prime mover by pulling

or stabilizing

• Axial Musculature • Appendicular Musculature

• Origin₋ Where the

muscle begins

• Insertion₋ Where the muscle ends

Functions of the Skeletal MusclesFunction Description Muscle Tissue Involved Movement

Support & Posture

Maintain Heat

Guard Entrances and Exits

Support Organs

Muscles of the Head and Neck

Check out to review/learn the muscles http://www.innerbody.com/image/musfov.html

• Muscles to memorize– Masseter– Orbicularis oculi– Orbicularis oris– Occipitalis– Sternocleidomastoid– Buccinator

Muscles of the Head and Neck

You are responsible for the location and action of these muscles.

Masseter

Orbicularis oculi

Orbicularis oris

BuccinatorSternocleidomastoid

Occipitalis

Muscles of the Head and Neck

• Orbicularis oculi – Sphincter muscle which encircles the eye– Action: Closes the eye• Light force causes blinking/sleeping• Hard force causes your face to scrunch up

– Both voluntary and involuntary• Involuntary while you sleep and when you blink

– How will you remember this?

Muscles of the Head and Neck

• Orbicularis oris– Sphincter muscle which encircles the mouth– Action: Puckers the lips• “Kissing muscle”

• Buccinator– Found in the flat area of cheeks– Action: Pulls back lips and flattens out cheeks.• Responsible for smiling and whistling

– How can you remember this?

Muscles of the Head and Neck

• Masseter– Muscle of mastication (chewing)

In herbivores, the masseter is

quite large from chewing.

– Action: Clenches the jaw

Muscles of the Head and Neck

• Occipitalis– Found on the anterior of the head– Action: Moves the scalp in conjunction with the

frontalis

Muscles of the Head and Neck

• Sternocleidomastoid– Found on either side of the neck– Action: When one side contracts the head rotates

to look over the shoulder. When both sides contract, the head looks down.

Muscle Quizzes• There will be 4 muscle quizzes • The first quiz will cover:

– Muscles of the head and neck» Locate on a diagram» Know their action

– Terms of Motion (we will cover this tomorrow)

• Each quiz after that will cover:– New muscle set – Muscles you previously learned– Terms of motion

• Your first quiz will be Monday, January 28• Study Tools are also due then