Intro to STEMIntro to STEM

ETP 2006—Tanya MattsonThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0402616. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the National Science Foundation (NSF).

Introduction to Invention & Innovation

Information for this presentation was taken from the Information for this presentation was taken from the CATTS curriculum Unit #1 and Valley City State CATTS curriculum Unit #1 and Valley City State

University Unit #1 readings, unless otherwise noted.University Unit #1 readings, unless otherwise noted.

Important TermsImportant Terms InventionInvention InnovationInnovation DiscoveryDiscovery CreativityCreativity PatentsPatents TrademarksTrademarks

CopyrightsCopyrights ScienceScience EngineeringEngineering TechnologyTechnology DesignDesign

InventionInventionA new manmade device A new manmade device

or processor process

InnovationInnovationA better way of doing A better way of doing thingsthings

An improvementAn improvement

1st Cell PhoneMarch 6, 1983

Razr 2006

Alexander Graham Bell’s

Phone1876

Old Phone

Evolution of the

Telephone

Old Computers

Dell Computers

2006

DiscoveryDiscovery

The primary process The primary process used in science to used in science to

uncover new uncover new knowledge.knowledge.

CreativityCreativityThe ability to see a problem The ability to see a problem in several dimensions.in several dimensions.

The ability to truly The ability to truly understand the problem at understand the problem at hand.hand.

PatentsPatents Provide inventors with Provide inventors with

exclusive rights to exclusive rights to manufacture a device for a manufacture a device for a period of time that has been period of time that has been fixed. (Currently 17 yrs.)fixed. (Currently 17 yrs.)

Assigned to individuals, not Assigned to individuals, not corporations.corporations.

Patents Cont.Patents Cont. The inventor must keep The inventor must keep

dated logs in order to prove dated logs in order to prove who invented something first.who invented something first.

““Patent Pending” – the Patent Pending” – the inventor has applied for a inventor has applied for a patent, but not received it patent, but not received it yet.yet.

TrademarksTrademarks Trademarks give an individual or Trademarks give an individual or

corporation a right to identify a corporation a right to identify a product with a graphic symbol product with a graphic symbol that customers can readily that customers can readily recognize for the quality and recognize for the quality and service they have earned.service they have earned.

Generally, a trademark has no Generally, a trademark has no time limit.time limit.

Trademark Trademark ExamplesExamples

Adidas

Mountain Dew

Abercrombie & Fitch

Nike

CopyrightsCopyrights Provide the creators of written Provide the creators of written

materials the right to a profit materials the right to a profit from the sale of their works for from the sale of their works for a definite period of time.a definite period of time.

Related to written material, Related to written material, graphic material, or music.graphic material, or music.

ScienceScienceThe pursuit of new The pursuit of new knowledge about nature.knowledge about nature.

Its primary goal is Its primary goal is knowledge, not solutions knowledge, not solutions to problems.to problems.

EngineeringEngineering The profession in which the The profession in which the

knowledge of the mathematical and knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, natural sciences gained by study, experience and practice is applied experience and practice is applied with judgment to develop ways to with judgment to develop ways to utilize economically the materials and utilize economically the materials and the forces of nature for the benefit of the forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.mankind.

The deliberate, orderly process The deliberate, orderly process through which technology is created.through which technology is created.

TechnologyTechnologyThe innovation, change, or The innovation, change, or

modification of the modification of the natural environment to natural environment to satisfy the perceived satisfy the perceived

human wants and needs.human wants and needs.

DesignDesignThe process of designing The process of designing

solutions to solutions to technological problemstechnological problems

—innovating and —innovating and inventing.inventing.

History of Invention, History of Invention, Innovation and Innovation and

DiscoveryDiscoveryThe greatest difference The greatest difference

between science and between science and technology is purpose.technology is purpose.

The main purpose of science was The main purpose of science was curiosity, where the main curiosity, where the main purpose of technology was a purpose of technology was a matter of survival.matter of survival.

Science and technology need Science and technology need and serve each other while and serve each other while serving mankind.serving mankind.

Early civilizations were Early civilizations were based on just a few based on just a few

inventions:inventions: The plowThe plow HandwritingHandwriting MetallurgyMetallurgy PotteryPottery Brick makingBrick making

StonecuttingStonecutting SpinningSpinning WeavingWeaving Surveying Surveying

instrumentsinstruments And more…And more…

7 Mechanisms that affect 7 Mechanisms that affect Invention and InnovationInvention and Innovation

1.1. Deliberate searchDeliberate search2.2. Deliberate search for 1 thing Deliberate search for 1 thing

that leads to something elsethat leads to something else3.3. Totally unrelated Totally unrelated

developments have an developments have an effect on the main eventeffect on the main event

4.4. Military needs or military Military needs or military inventions give rise to intense inventions give rise to intense development efforts and development efforts and equally significant social equally significant social change.change.

5.5. Result of religionResult of religion6.6. Weather & other natural forcesWeather & other natural forces7.7. Pure accidentPure accident

Invention, Invention, Innovation and Innovation and

Discovery TodayDiscovery TodayA few of the most influential

factors which are of a different origin than the previous 7

mechanisms…

1.1. Information and Information and Communication TechnologyCommunication Technology

The faster we can communicate, the The faster we can communicate, the faster we can influence others with faster we can influence others with new inspiration and new inventions.new inspiration and new inventions.

2.2. Specialization of knowledge Specialization of knowledge and teamworkand teamwork

3.3. The rise of organized scienceThe rise of organized science In the past, discoveries often In the past, discoveries often

followed the practical application.followed the practical application. Technology preceded scienceTechnology preceded science Today, technology rarely precedes Today, technology rarely precedes

sciencescience

4.4. The influence of governmentThe influence of government The need for rapid wartime The need for rapid wartime

development of technology tends to development of technology tends to push the envelope of efficiency.push the envelope of efficiency.

The funding of research which is The funding of research which is often available for the asking.often available for the asking.

Government can also influence Government can also influence invention and innovation by invention and innovation by legislation that creates the rules legislation that creates the rules others must play byothers must play by

To promote rapid growth of To promote rapid growth of technology, there had to be technology, there had to be

something in it for both users something in it for both users and producers, and if the and producers, and if the

correct balance could be found, correct balance could be found, it would be good for the it would be good for the

country.country.

Intellectual Intellectual PropertyProperty

InventorsInventors Thomas EdisonThomas Edison Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin Elijah McCoyElijah McCoy Eli WhitneyEli Whitney Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell Henry FordHenry Ford