intro to mendelian genetics honors biology
TRANSCRIPT
Intro to Mendelian Genetics
Honors Biology
https://conradchrabol.wordpress.com/mendels-early-works/
What is Genetics?The science that studies
___________.
Heredity is passing ofcharacteristics from parent to offspring.
https://www.the-joke-box.com/picture/192/genetics.html
Heredity
The Father of Genetics:
____________ was an Austrian monk that was born in 1822.
In the monastery, he studied genetic ______ and gave us a basic understanding of _______ and how they work.
Gregor Mendel
traitsgenes
Mendel’s experiments were designed by using ____________ in the
monastery garden
Pea plants have both ___________ and
__________ parts
https://www.lexile.com/book/details/9780810954755/
pea plants
male
female
Pea plant transfer _______ (sperm) to the egg located in the _______ plant, resulting in ________ parent.
Self-PollinationThis is called ______________
pollen
sameone
____________ is the process of _________ the pollen
(sperm) and egg.
Fertilizationuniting
Mendel’s Pea Experiments:
Mendel started his experiments with peas that were _________________
= if allowed to _________________ they would produce ____________________ to themselves.
true-breeding
self pollinate
offspring identical
Mendel’s Pea Experiment
Mendel ____________________making parts and ____________from _______ plant.
This allowed him to_____________ plantswith ______________ characteristics and ________ the results
http://hus.yksd.com/distanceedcourses/YKSDbiology/lessons/FourthQuarter/Chapter11/11-1/images/MendelExperiment.gif
removed pollen
cross-breed
added pollen
another
different
study
A _____________________ is called a ____________
Mendel tested _________________ in peas.
Pearson Education Inc,; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
specific characteristictrait
7 different traits
When Mendel crossed true- breeding (________) PLANTS with 2 ______________ traits:(EX: Tall crossed with short)
PUREContrasting
Mendel’s Pea Experiment
____ generation (_________)
____ generation(______= offspring)
___ generation
P1Parental
F1
Filial
F2
He always found the same pattern:
1. ONLY ______ trait ____________ in the ____ generation BUT . . .
2. ___________ traits were found in ____ generation. The ________trait __________ in a_________ ratio.
one showed
F1
Both
F2
missing
returned
3:1
http://www.tubechop.com/watch/7029990
It’s all about the patterns!
Image modified from:http://www.laskerfoundation.org/rprimers/gnn/timeline/1866.html http://www.biology.lifeeasy.org/2502/explain-the-law-of-
dominance-using-a-monohybrid-cross
Mendel decided that there must be a pair of ___________ that ________each trait and that
__________ must be able to _______ the other.
factors
control
one factor
hide
The factors Mendel referred to are now known as _______ that are carried on the _____________ _____________.
http://www.biologyjunction.com/karyotype_lab.htm
genes
homologous
chromosome
A gene is a stretch of DNA or RNA that determines a certain trait.
Genes can have two or more different CHOICES. An _______ is one of the choices for the gene.
allele
Example: Eye color
__________________ = An allele that ________ the presence of another allele
__________________ = An allelethat __________________ the
presence of another allele
Dominant
hides
Recessive
is hidden by
http://io9.com/yet-another-lesson-that-should-be-banished-from-biology-1204061434
Dominant is represented by a ____________.
Recessive is represented by a ____________.
CAPITAL LETTER
lowercase letter
http://gladewaterbiology.blogspot.com/2009/11/law-of-dominance.html
How does the recessive trait skip a generation?
P1
F1
F2
MeiosisThe movement of ____________ in
_________.Chromosomes
Remember Meiosis?
_____________ chromosomes_________during ANAPHASE I= _________________
homologous
separate
SEGREGATION
Image modified from: http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/Crossover.gif
____ offspring __________ an allele for tallness from their _______ parent and an allele for shortness from their ________ parent.
The F1 plants ALL ___________ but are ___________ an
allele for _____________
F1 received
tallshort
http://gladewaterbiology.blogspot.com/2009/11/law-of-dominance.html
LOOK TALL
carrying
short
What’s happening in F1 CROSS?
LAW OF ___________________
alleles are separated when the F1 plants ______________
When these gametes recombined to make the F2 generation, the _____________ trait _______________ in ¼ of the offspring
http://biology-forums.com/index.php?action=gallery;sa=view;id=514
SEGREGATION
made gametes
shortreappears