Monday, 8/3 Bellwork: Have book at your desk. Create flashcards for the Ch. 2 Vocabulary. Make sure you have black and red pens.

ambulō, ambulāre, ambulāvī, ambulātum - to walk

arō, arāre, arāvī, arātum - to plow

habitō, habitāre, habitāvī, habitātum - to live, dwell

portō, portāre, portāvī, portātum - to carry

rogō, rogāre, rogāvī, rogātum - to ask

regnō, regnāre, regnāvī, regnātum - to rule

vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātum - to call

et – and

aut – or

sed - but

Monday, 8/3

Ch 3 Introduction

• The tense of a verb tells what time its action takes place.

• Latin has six verb tenses

• In Ch 3, we focus on the present, imperfect, and future tenses.

• The present, imperfect, and future tenses make up the present system.

Monday, 8/3

Ch 3, Sec. 9 Tense

Review of present tense:

English has three ways to indicate the present tense:

simple present – She sings.

present progressive – She is singing.

present emphatic – She does sing.

Monday, 8/3

Ch 3, Sec. 9 Tense

In Latin the present tense is formed by finding the stem of a verb and adding personal endings:

2nd p.p. - re = stem

arāre – re = arā

Monday, 8/3

Ch 3, Sec. 9 Tense

Conjugate: arō, arāre

1s ________ 1pl ________

2s ________ 2pl ________

3s ________ 3pl ________

Monday, 8/3

Ch 3, Sec. 9 Tense

Conjugate: arō, arāre

1s arō 1pl arāmus

2s arās 2pl arātis

3s arat 3pl arant

Say together in Latin, then give meanings in English.

Monday, 8/3

Ch 3, Sec. 9 Tense

Conjugate: habitō, habitāre

1s ________ 1pl ________

2s ________ 2pl ________

3s ________ 3pl ________

Monday, 8/3

Ch 3, Sec. 9 Tense

Conjugate: habitō, habitāre

1s habitō 1pl habitāmus

2s habitās 2pl habitātis

3s habitat 3pl habitant

Say together in Latin, then give meanings in English.

Monday, 8/3

Ch 3, Sec. 9 Tense

Conjugate: portō, portāre

1s ________ 1pl ________

2s ________ 2pl ________

3s ________ 3pl ________

Monday, 8/3

Ch 3, Sec. 9 Tense

Conjugate: portō, portāre

1s portō 1pl portāmus

2s portās 2pl portātis

3s portat 3pl portant

Say together in Latin, then give meanings in English

Tuesday, 8/4

Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense

English often uses a helping verb to indicate tense:

Present – She is singing.

Imperfect – She was singing.

Future – She will sing.

Latin has no helping verbs.

Latin uses a tense marker between the stem and the personal endings you have already learned.

Formula – Stem + tense marker + personal endings = a new tense (future, imperfect)

Tuesday, 8/4

Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense

The future tense marker is –bi-

Two exceptions – ‘i’ drops before ‘ō’ is 1st. s. and becomes a ‘u’ in 3rd pl. Thus amō, amāre in the future tense:

1s amābō 1pl amābimus

2s amābis 2pl amābitis

3s amābit 3pl amābunt

Tuesday, 8/4

Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense

English has two options to express the future tense:

Simple future – I will love

Progressive future – I will be loving

Tuesday, 8/4

Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense

Conjugate in future tense: portō, portāre

1s ________ 1pl ________

2s ________ 2pl ________

3s ________ 3pl ________

Tuesday, 8/4

Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense

Step 1 – Put stem in every blank

Conjugate in future tense: portō, portāre

1s portā 1pl portā

2s portā 2pl portā

3s portā 3pl portā

Tuesday, 8/4

Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense

Step 1 – Put stem in every blank

Step 2 – Place tense markers (note 1s and 3pl)

Conjugate in future tense: portō, portāre

1s portāb 1pl portābi

2s portābi 2pl portābi

3s portābi 3pl portābu

Tuesday, 8/4

Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense

Step 1 – Put stem in every blank

Step 2 – Place tense markers (note 1s and 3pl)

Step 3 – Place personal endings

Conjugate in future tense: portō, portāre

1s portābō 1pl portābimus

2s portābis 2pl portābitis

3s portābit 3pl portābunt

Tuesday, 8/4

Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense

Conjugate in future tense: arō, arāre

1s ________ 1pl ________

2s ________ 2pl ________

3s ________ 3pl ________

Tuesday, 8/4

Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense

Conjugate in future tense: habitō, habitāre

1s ________ 1pl ________

2s ________ 2pl ________

3s ________ 3pl ________

Block 8/5 Ch 3, Sec. 11 Imperfect Tense

The imperfect tense marker is ‘-ba-’.

N.B. – the first person singular uses the ‘-m’ ending, not the ‘-ō’ ending.

Formula is still --- stem + tense marker + ending = imperfect tense

Block 8/5 Ch 3, Sec. 11 Imperfect Tense

N.B. long marks are added to tense marker for 2nd person s. and pl. plus 1st person pl.

Block 8/5 Ch 3, Sec. 11 Imperfect Tense

Perfectus in Latin means ‘finished’ or ‘complete’.

So the perfect tense is for completed actions.

E.g. simple past - I plowed

The imperfect tense is for not completed or continuing action in the past, the past progressive in English.

E.g. I was plowing, I used to plow, I kept on plowing

Block 8/5

Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense

Conjugate in imperfect tense: portō, portāre

Steps – 1) Place stem in every blank

1s portā 1pl portā

2s portā 2pl portā

3s portā 3pl portā

Block 8/5

Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense

Conjugate in imperfect tense: portō, portāre

Steps – 1) Place stem in every blank

2) Add tense marker to stem (mind macra!)

1s portāba 1pl portābā

2s portābā 2pl portābā

3s portāba 3pl portāba

Block 8/5

Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense

Conjugate in imperfect tense: portō, portāre

Steps – 1) Place stem in every blank

2) Add tense marker to stem (mind macra!)

3) Add personal endings (remember 1s = -m)

1s portābam 1pl portābāmus

2s portābās 2pl portābātis

3s portābat 3pl portābant

Block 8/5

Ch 3, Sec. 10 Future Tense

Conjugate in imperfect tense: vocō, vocāre

Steps – 1) Place stem in every blank

2) Add tense marker to stem (mind macra!)

3) Add personal endings (remember 1s = -m)

1s _______ 1pl _______

2s _______ 2pl _______

3s _______ 3pl _______