intro to html, css & sass

An intro to

HTML, CSS, & SASS

Sean Wolfe

[email protected]

• Creative Director at Zivtech in Philadelphia

• Designing and theming Drupal sites since 2008

• UPenn, Carilion Clinic, Temple University

mailto:[email protected]

• A Text editor • A local webserver (http://www.mamp.info/en)

• Github account (https://github.com)

• SASS (http://sass-lang.com/install)

• Compass (http://compass-style.org/install)

• Bundler (http://bundler.io)

• Livereload (http://livereload.com/)*

!

*optional but highly recommended

Tools

http://www.mamp.info/en

http://bundler.io

http://livereload.com

• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language

• HTML is a markup language

• HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text • HTML documents are also called web pages

What is HTML?

• HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded by

angle brackets like <html>

• HTML tags normally come in pairs like <p> and </p>

• The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag

is the end tag

• The end tag is written like the start tag, with a slash

before the tag name

• Start and end tags are also called opening tags and

closing tags

HTML Tags

• HTML5 is the latest standard for HTML.

• <canvas> is an element for 2D drawing

• <video> and <audio> are elements for media

playback

• HTML5 uses new content-specific elements, like

<article>, <footer>, <header>, <nav>, <section

HTML5

• The DOCTYPE declaration defines the document type

• The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page

• The <head> element is a container for all the head elements.

• The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content

• The text between <h1> and </h1> is displayed as a heading

• The text between <p> and </p> is displayed as a paragraph

Basic HTML

• The <title> tag defines the title of the document.

• The <link> tag defines the relationship between a document and an

external resource.

• The <style> tag is used to define style information for an HTML

document.

• The <meta> tag provides metadata about the HTML document.

• The <script> tag is used to define a client-side script, such as a

JavaScript.

HTML Head

• The DOCTYPE declaration defines the document type

• The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page

• The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content

• The text between <h1> and </h1> is displayed as a heading

• The text between <p> and </p> is displayed as a paragraph

Basic HTML

HTML Headings• HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

HTML Paragraphs• HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

HTML Links• HTML links are defined with the <a> tag.

HTML Images• HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

HTML Lists• In HTML, there are several types of lists:

• unordered lists - the list items are marked with

bullets • ordered lists - the list items are marked with

numbers or letters • description list - a list of terms/names, with a

description of each term/name.

HTML Lists

• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets • Styles define how to display HTML elements • CSS can solve many design problems without

adding images or changing the HTML

What is CSS?

CSS Syntax

html

Selector

ValueValue PropertyProperty

{margin:0; padding:0}

Declaration Declaration

CSS Selectors

• CSS selectors allow you to select and manipulate HTML element(s).

• CSS selectors are used to "find" (or select) HTML elements based on their id, classes, types,

attributes, and more.

Types of CSS Selectors

• The element Selector selects elements based on the

element name. (e.g. body, header, p, footer)

• The id Selector selects a specific element on the page and

can only be used once (e.g. #main, #content, #footer)

• The class Selector selects elements with the specific class

names and cans be reused

(e.g. .wrapper, .column, .panel, .panel-pane)

ID’s

classes

elements

Ways to use CSS

• CSS can be attached to HTML in 3 ways • Inline (wysiwyg for example) • Embedded (placed in document <head>)

• Links to CSS files (the preferred method)

Ways to use CSS

<p style=“color:red;”>Some Text</p>

Inline Styles

Ways to use CSS

<head>! <style>p {color:red;}</style>!</head>

Embedded Styles

Ways to use CSS

<head>! <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href=“style.css">!</head>

External Style Sheet reference

p {color:red;}

style.css

CSS Margin• Margin is the space around elements (outside the

border). • The margin does not have a background color,

and is completely transparent. • The top, right, bottom, and left margin can be

changed independently using separate properties.

25px

50px

75px

100px

CSS Margin{margin:25px 50px 75px 100px;}

CSS Padding• Padding is the space between the element

border and the element content • The top, right, bottom, and left padding can be

changed independently using separate properties.

{padding:25px 50px 75px 100px;}

CSS Padding

25px

50px

75px

100px

{margin:25px 50px 75px 100px;}

CSS Padding & Margin{padding:25px 50px 75px 100px;}

CSS Text• color sets the color of text

• letter-spacing adjusts the space between characters

• line-height sets the distance between lines of text

• text-decoration specifies the decoration

• text-indent specifies the indentation of the first line

• text-shadow specifies the shadow effect

• text-transform controls the capitalization of text

• word-spacing changes the space between words

CSS Fonts• CSS font properties define the font family, boldness, size,

and the style of a text. • Not all computers have the same fonts installed

• font-family Specifies the font family for text

• font-size Specifies the font size of text

• font-style Specifies the font style for text (e.g. normal or

italic)

• font-variant Specifies if text should be small-caps

• font-weight Specifies the weight of a font

• font Sets all the font properties in one declaration

CSS FontsSerif Times New Roman, Georgia

Sans-serif Arial, Verdana

Monospace Courier New, Lucida Console

Web Fonts

CSS Pseudo-classes• CSS pseudo-classes are used to select the current condition of

an element. • The most common pseudo-classes are links • Links can be styled differently depending on what state they

are in.

• a:link Selects an unvisited link

• a:visited Selects visited links

• a:active Selects the active link

• a:hover Selects links on mouse over

• p::first-letter Selects the first letter of a paragraph

• p::first-line Selects the first line of a paragraph

CSS Background• CSS background properties are used to define the background

effects of an element.

• background-color sets the background color of an element

• background-image sets the background image for an element

• background-repeat sets how a background image will be

repeated

• background-attachment sets whether a background image is

fixed or scrolls with the rest of the page

• background-position sets the starting position of a background

image

• background sets all the background properties in one declaration

CSS Positioning• The CSS positioning properties allow you to position an

element.

• Elements can be positioned using the top, bottom, left, and

right properties.

• position:static is the default position of an element

• position:fixed tells an element to be positioned relative to the

browser window. It will not move even if the window is scrolled

• position:relative tells an element to be positioned relative to

its normal position.

• position:absolute tells an element where to be positioned

relative to its parent element.

{position:relative;}

{position:absolute;}

{position:static;}

{position:static;}

{position:fixed;}

{position:static;}

CSS Float• With CSS float, an element can be pushed to the

left or right, allowing other elements to wrap

around it.

• clear Specifies which sides of an element where

other floating elements are not allowed. • float Specifies whether or not a box should float

to the left or right.

img {float:none;}

• Vivamus dignissim nunc eleifend, commodo mi sed, aliquam ante. Donec id lacus eu lectus sollicitudin viverra. Curabitur congue ultricies elit, at euismod mauris iaculis at. Sed et dignissim ipsum. Quisque massa quam, lacinia vel urna ac, dictum lobortis justo.“Donec et molestie

• purus”. Cras et faucibus est, a viverra odio. Praesent luctus vel purus non mollis. In luctus vitae lectus quis fringilla. Curabitur porttitor justo ac dolor iaculis convallis.


• purus”. Cras et faucibus est, a viverra odio. Praesent luctus vel purus non mollis. In luctus vitae lectus quis fringilla. Curabitur porttitor justo ac dolor iaculis convallis.

img {float:left;}

img {float:right;}


CSS Float

CSS Display and Visibility• The display property specifies if/how an element is displayed,

and the visibility property specifies if an element should be

visible or hidden.

• visibility:hidden hides an element, but it will still take up

the same space as before.

• display:none hides an element, and it will not take up any

space.

• display:inline tells an element to only take up as much

width as necessary, and will not force line breaks.

• display:block tells an element will takes up the full width

available, and will have a line break before and after it

CSS Image Opacity / Transparency

• The CSS3 property for transparency is opacity. • The opacity property can take a value from 0.0 -

1.0. A lower value makes the element more transparent.

{opacity:0.1;} {opacity:0.5;} {opacity:1.0;}

CSS Image Sprites• An image sprite is a collection of images put into

a single image. • A web page with many images can take a long

time to load and generates multiple server

requests.

CSS Media Types• By using the @media rule, a website can have a

different layout for screen, print, mobile phone,

tablet, etc.

• all Used for all media type devices

• braille Used for braille tactile feedback devices

• print Used for printers

• screen Used for computer screens

• tv Used for television-type devices

CSS3• CSS3 is the latest standard for CSS and is completely

backwards-compatible with earlier versions of CSS.

• Selectors!

• Box Model!

• Borders!

• Text Effects!

• 2D/3D Transformations!

• Animations!

• Multiple Column Layout

CSS Preprocessors

• SASS stands for Syntactically Awesome Style Sheets • Sass is a CSS preprocessor • Sass can be written in either the sass or scss syntax • Sass files compile into css files

What is SASS?

• CSS doesn’t allow variables • SASS uses mixins (reusable blocks of styles) • SASS is faster, more efficient, and easier to maintain • Using COMPASS with SASS allows us to write many lines

of cross-browser compatible CSS in a single line of code!

Why do we use SASS?

Install Sass

$ gem install sass

nav {! ul {! margin: 0;!}! li {! display: block;! }! a {! padding: 6px 12px;! color: $yellow;! }!}

SCSS

nav! ul! margin: 0! li display: block! a! padding: 6px 12px! color: $yellow

SASS

SASS Mixins

@mixin my-background($radius) {! margin-top: 12px;! height: 10px;! background: red;! border-radius: $radius;!}

Define the mixin

.box {@include my-background(12px);}

Include the mixin

SASS Extend

%my-background {! margin-top: 12px;! height: 10px;! background: red;! border: 1px solid $yellow;!}

Define the placeholder selector

.box {@extend %my-background;}

Extend the placeholder selector

Mixin or Extend

.box,.footer {@include my-background(12px);}

Arguments

.box,.footer {@extend %my-background;}

Smaller CSS

Resources• www.w3schools.com/css • css-tricks.com • alistapart.com • thesassway.com

http://www.w3schools.com/css

http://css-tricks.com/

http://alistapart.com/

http://thesassway.com/

Questions & Answers

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Assignment

github.com/sean3325/bullfrog

Assignment1. Fork it. 2. Create a branch (`git checkout -b

toms_branch`)

3. Commit your changes (`git commit -m "Fixed

Navigation Styles"`)

4. Push to the branch (`git push origin

toms_branch`)

intro to html, css & sass

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