21/05/2016

1

SPACE

INTRO QUIZ• 1. How many planets are there in the solar

system?

• 2. When was the first human sent into space?

• 3. When was the International Space Station

completed?

• 4. What is the biggest planet in the solar system

called?

• 5. What is the name of the galaxy that the solar

system is a part of?

21/05/2016

2

QUIZ 1

• 1. How many planets are there in the solar system?

• 2. What is the main difference between a planet

and a dwarf planet?

• 3. Name two dwarf planets.

• 4. The inner planets are also called the

t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ planets.

• 5. The inner planets are made of metal and _____.

QUIZ 2• 1. How many planets are there in the solar system?

• 2. What is the main difference between the inner

and the outer planets of the solar system?

• 3. Name the two largest gas giants.

• 4. The inner planets are also called the

t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ planets.

• 5. True/False: A comet is a rocky object found

between Mars and Jupiter in the solar system.

21/05/2016

3

QUIZ 3• 1. What are the outer planets also known as?

• 2. What is the common structure of the outer

planets?

• 3. Why do the outer planets have so many moons?

• 4. What is the hottest planet in the solar system?

• 5. The millions of rocky objects between Mars and

Jupiter are called ______________.

THE SOLAR SYSTEM

• A collection of eight planets and their

moons in orbit around the sun.

21/05/2016

4

OBJECTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM

• Sun:

• Largest object in the solar

system.

• Gravitational forces cause

planets and other objects to

move around, or orbit, the Sun.

OBJECTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM

• Planets:

• Spherical

• Orbits the Sun

• Mass is much larger than the

mass of other objects nearby

• Eight planets in the Solar

System

21/05/2016

5

OBJECTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM

• Dwarf planets:

• Spherical

• Orbits the Sun

• Mass is not much larger than the

mass of other objects nearby

OBJECTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM

• Asteroids

• Small, rocky objects in the

Asteroid Belt between Mars and

Jupiter.

http://www.freeasteroids.org/

21/05/2016

6

OBJECTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM

• Comets

• Icy object which heats up when

passing close to the Sun.

DISTANCES• Astronomical Unit:

• The average distance from the Earth to the Sun

(~150 million km) = 1 AU.Planet Average Distance to Sun (km) Average Distance to Sun (AU)

Mercury 57,910,000 0.39

Venus 108,210,000 0.72

Earth 149,600,000 1.00

Mars 227,920,000 1.52

Jupiter 778,570,000 5.20

Saturn 1,433,530,000 9.58

Uranus 2,872,460,000 19.20

Neptune 4,495,060,000 30.05

21/05/2016

7

INNER PLANETS

• Also called Terrestrial planets:

• Four planets closest to the Sun

• Made of rock, metal.

• Have solid outer layers

• Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

Planet Mass

(kg)

Diameter

(km)

Period

of

rotation

Period of

revolution

Atmosphere Structure

Diagram

Mercury

Venus

Earth 5.97 x

1024

Mars

21/05/2016

8

OUTER PLANETS• Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

• Also called the gas giants because they are

made of hydrogen and helium, which are

usually gases on Earth.

• Strong gravitational forces (large mass)

• Thick gas and liquid layer covering a small,

solid core.

ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM• When we see the light of stars, we are seeing the

radiation coming from them.

• This is called electromagnetic radiation.

• There are lots of types of electromagnetic radiation.

21/05/2016

9

STARS• A star is a giant ball of gas.

• Because it is so massive, there is a huge

amount of gravity force on the gas

particles.

• Nuclear fusion occurs, creating a lot of

radiation (of heat and light).

• Nuclear fusion is when the nuclei of two

different atoms fuse, or combine, to form one

new nucleus.

PARTS OF A STAR

• Core:

Innermost part.

Very dense.

• Radiative and convection zones:

Places where energy is transported

21/05/2016

10

PARTS OF A STAR

• Photosphere:

The layer of

the star that

can be seen

• Chromosphere:

The layer outside the photosphere

• Corona:

The outermost part of a star.

LIFE CYCLE OF A STAR

• Nebula: Large clouds of

gas and dust, such as

hydrogen and helium.

This is where stars are

born.

21/05/2016

11

LIFE CYCLE OF A STAR

• Star: The large amount of matter in a

nebula means that there is a large force

of gravity on the particles, and the

particles grow closer together to form a

star.

LIFE CYCLE OF A STAR

• A massive star’s large force of gravity

makes the hydrogen and helium atoms

fuse to form larger atoms, such as

carbon and even iron inside the core.

• These are called Red Giants and Red

Supergiants.

21/05/2016

12

LIFE CYCLE OF A STAR

• A massive star’s large force of gravity

makes the hydrogen and helium atoms

fuse to form larger atoms, such as

carbon and even iron inside the core.

• These are called Red Giants and Red

Supergiants.

• When a star reaches the end of its life, it can form one of four

things, depending on how big it was before it died.

21/05/2016

13

DEATH OF A STAR• White dwarf: A star that has lost a lot of mass and is

a much smaller, cooling mass.

DEATH OF A STAR• Supernova: The explosion of a very big star that

releases a lot of energy and matter.

21/05/2016

14

DEATH OF A STAR• Neutron star: A very small, very dense object made of

only neutrons after the explosion of a massive star.

DEATH OF A STAR• Black hole: An object that is so dense that the force of

gravity is so large, and no radiation such as light can

escape from its pull.

• This is a conceptual image of a black hole, not an

actual image.

21/05/2016

15