intro questions in your opinion, what are some common reasons people might revolt? what kind of...
TRANSCRIPT
Intro QuestionsIn your opinion, what are some common
reasons people might revolt?What kind of person do you think typically
leads a revolution?Do you think a revolution is something that
happens quickly or over time? Why?Once a government has been overthrown,
how long do you think it would take for new leaders to establish a different form of government and make it run effectively?
Viva La VidaI used to rule the worldSeas would rise when I gave the wordNow in the morning I sleep aloneSweep the streets I used to own
I used to roll the diceFeel the fear in my enemy's eyesListen as the crowd would sing"Now the old king is dead! Long live the king!"
One minute I held the keyNext the walls were closed on meAnd I discovered that my castles standUpon pillars of salt and pillars of sand
I hear Jerusalem bells a ringingRoman Cavalry choirs are singingBe my mirror, my sword and shieldMy missionaries in a foreign field
For some reason I can't explainOnce you go there was neverNever an honest word
And that was when I ruled the world
It was the wicked and wild windBlew down the doors to let me inShattered windows and the sound of drumsPeople couldn't believe what I'd become
Revolutionaries waitFor my head on a silver plateJust a puppet on a lonely stringOh who would ever want to be king?
I hear Jerusalem bells a ringingRoman Cavalry choirs are singingBe my mirror, my sword and shieldMy missionaries in a foreign field
For some reason I can't explainI know Saint Peter won't call my nameNever an honest wordBut that was when I ruled the world
Causes of the Revolution1. Inequality in the social order
Old Order or ancien regimeKing on top1st estate2nd estate3rd estate
First EstateRoman Catholic
Clergy1% of populationwealthyPrivileges
Only courts could try priests and bishops
Exempt from taxes including land (10%)
King
First Estate
King
First Estate
Second Estates
Second EstateNobility<2%WealthyFew taxesGovernment and
military positionsGrand estates
Peasants worked
Third Estate97% Bourgeoisie
Many educated and richMerchantsFactory ownersProfessionals (lawyers,
doctors)Artisans or sans culottes -
workersShoemakersCarpenters,BricklayersDressmakers
PeasantsPaid rents and fees to first
and second estates
King
First Estate
Second Estates
Causes of the Revolution1. Inequality in the social order2. Enlightenment ideas
Bourgeoisie American Revolution
3. Financial Crisis Debt from war Tax 2nd Estate to make up for it Natural forces
Meeting of the Estates General
Met due to financial crisisHad not met since 1614Each Estate had one vote
3rd estate = 97% of population, 600 reps…1 vote2nd estate = 2% of population, 300 reps … 1 vote1st estate = <1% of population, 300 reps…1vote
The 3rd estate was always outvoted by the other two.
They wanted the votes counted by number of people.
The Tennis Court Oath
Third Estate declared themselves the National Assembly
Locked out of the Estates-General meeting
Moved to a nearby tennis court
Tennis Court Oath – swore to meet until a new constitution was drafted
Storming the BastilleRumors circulate
through Paris that Louis wants to suppress the National Assembly
Mob attacks and seizes Bastille killing guards on July 14, 1789
Looking to seize weapons and ammo, but none there
End of the Old RegimeRumors and panic spread throughout
France that they would be stopped by foreign armies.
Great Fear: attacks by peasants taking place across France upon the nobility
The King ConcedesKing Louis refused to accept the National
Assembly’s decrees.Women stormed VersaillesThey forced him to accept the new decrees
The National Assembly Reforms
National Assembly adopts the Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen
Modeled on U.S. Declaration of Independence and English Bill of Rights
REMEMBER !!!!!!!!!!!!- Ideas borrowed from which
Enlightenment thinker?
JOHN LOCKE
End of the Old Regime
Church ReformsThe Catholic church had been a pillar for
the social and political systemsFrance needed money so sold off church
lands (10%)The Church was brought under the control
of the stateCatholics became enemies of the revolution
End of the Old RegimeNew ConstitutionSet up a limited monarchy
King still thereLegislative Assembly makes the laws
25 or older men who paid taxes could voteWar with AustriaForeign countries felt threatened
Austria and Prussia threatened to use force against the revolutionaries.
Legislative Assembly decided to declare war firstBecause of the French loss, they placed all the
blame on the king
A Tale of Two Cities questions1. What was the Marquis main concern?2. How did he react to the people of the village? 3. What was the attitude of the people towards
him?4. What is the irony of the situation?5. How are the people of the village described?
What estate are they?6. Was the peasant’s action justifiable? Why or
why not?
End of the Old Regime
Paris CommuneDemonstrations arose due to losses in war
and food shortages. King and queen thrown in jail.Radicals declared themselves a commune,
and organized an attackWanted to pass measures for extreme
changeCalled a National Convention
Entering a more radical phase in the French Revolution
The Terror Grips France
France is divided: Not all people support all the changes of the Revolution
Uprisings occur in southern FranceBritain, Spain, & Netherlands join
forces against FranceMany external and domestic
threats to the Revolution
New Authority
Committee of Public Safety formed by the National Convention to deal with these threats
Maximilien Robespierre and George Danton = leaders (or dictators?)
“Liberty cannot be secured unless criminals lose their heads!” – Robespierre
Reign of Terror
Robespierre’s rule in which thousands of people are killed becomes known as the Reign of Terror
85% killed were middle or lower class
15% clergy and nobilityformer revolutionaries and
allies of Robespierre
The Reign of TerrorGuillotine- started as a
weapon of mercy; became a weapon of fear
anyone and everyone can be denounced as a traitor to the Revolution and beheaded
People start denouncing anyone
Rebellious cities in the countryside were mass executed as an exampleNantesLyon
The Reign of TerrorRevolutionary committees conduct hasty trials and issue
thousands of death sentences to “traitors to the revolution.”
Republic of VirtueRobespierre wanted a republic of “good citizens”“citizen” and “citizeness” replaced formal
“miseur” and “madame”Controlled the economic pricesReflect Roman Republic style of dress and cultureDe-Christianization
“saint” removed from streets and public buildings
Churches destroyed and converted into “temples of reason”
Christian calendar replaced with revolutionary calendar
Cult of the Supreme Being
Draft!
The National Convention orders emergency draft of 300,000 French citizens to reinforce army.
By 1794 it is over 1 million strongPushed back foreign armiesConquered the Austrian Netherlands
End of the Terror
Another change in governmentIn July 1794,
Robespierre arrested and executed
Terror results in public opinion shifting away from radicals
Evaluation Question
Is the use of violence acceptable to end oppression? Do the ends justify the means?
Support your opinion.
“Anarchy within, invasion from without. A country cracking from outside pressure, disintegrating from internal stain. Revolution is at its height. War. Inflation. Hunger. Fear. Hate. Sabotage. Fanaticism. Hopes. Boundless Idealism…and the dread that all the gains of the Revolution would be lost. And the faith that if they won, they would bring Liberty, Equality, Fraternity to the world.”
~R.R. Palmer, The Twelve Who Ruled
The Directory
New constitution after the terror ceased. 2 legislative house
Council of 500Council of Elders
electors- qualified votersExecutive, or Directory, made up of a
committee of 5Chosen by Council of Elders
Napoleon became brilliant military leader and quickly rose to power
• In charge of French interior at 26
• Invaded Italy and Egypt
• Defeat by Admiral Horatio Nelson kept from newspapers
• Became national hero
Napoleon’s Rise to Power
Napoleon Seizes Power
• Directory weak and ineffective• Fear of royalists and of European
opposition• November 1799 coup d’état • France to be led by Consulate• Napoleon voted first consul, in effect a
dictator• Napoleon promised order and stability,
pledging to uphold key reforms. The French gave up some freedoms for peace and prosperity.
Timeline QuestionThe following events in Napoleon’s rise have
been changed. Explain how the events following could have been effected.
1. Napoleon lost to the mob of royalists in 1795.
2. Napoleon was unable to make it back to France in time to keep his defeat out of the press.
3. The coup d’etat in 1799 failed. Directory remains strong.
Radio Broadcast Requirementscreate a radio news story on the Napoleonic
Wars as if the events are happening. Each broadcast will include the following:
Description of the eventCauses or motivations behind itTwo reporters and a witnessOpinion on whether you think it was a
success or failure? Future prediction
Napoleon’s Policies
Reform of the Church-State RelationsMade the Concordat with the pope – recognized
the influence of the Catholic Church in France but it had no more control in national affairs
Economic ReformsEstablished a French BankEfficient tax collectionLegal and Education ReformsNapoleonic CodesOnly applied to male citizensHigh schools, tech schools, and universities set
up
Visual Analysis
How is Napoleon portrayed in each painting?What similarities do you see between the
paintings?What differences?What is the opinion of the artist about
Napoleon? How can you tell?
Nationalism
Feelings of nationalism were sweeping Europe
Nationalism- a sense of unique identity of a people based on a common language, religion, or national symbols
Fall of Napoleon
Decided to invade RussiaCzar Alexander I began to mobilize troopsTrouble from beginning
Lack of loyalty among troopsLoss of suppliesWeather
Russian troops retreated as Napoleon advanced
Won battle when finally clashed, but losses were very high
Russian involvement tortured troops. How?
Napoleon Surrenders
Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Great Britain allied
Formed troops to take on Napoleon’s inexperienced army at the Battle of Leipzig, Germany.
Terms of SurrenderNapoleon give up throneExiled to Elba
Congress of Vienna
1. Pick one member of your group to be a spokes person.
2. As a group, pick two of your most important proposals/demands. Spokes person will present these as opening statements for the congress.
3. Reflection – Tonight, you are going to give your fellow group members the grade you think they deserve for the group work category.
1. Give the amount of points (1-10).2. Explain your final decision.
Napoleon’s PoliciesReform of the Church-State RelationsMade the Concordat with the pope – recognized
the influence of the Catholic Church in France but it had no more control in national affairs
Economic ReformsEstablished a French BankEfficient tax collectionLegal and Education ReformsNapoleonic CodesOnly applied to male citizensHigh schools, tech schools, and universities set up
Disaster in Russia
Russia refused to remain in the Continental System, so Napoleon decides to attack
Marched into Russia, Russian army retreatsRussian army destroys supplies and food
along the way.Finally meet and battle, but Napoleon’s
forces weakenedForced to march back to Poland,
encountered harsh winter
ExileNapoleon faced foreign armies and lost
Paris captured and Napoleon forced into exile on the island of Elba
Monarchy restored in France (Louis XVIII)
Louis XVIII had little supportNapoleon escapes and returned
to FranceReceives much support from the
French peopleAustria, Prussia, Russia and G.B.
form army against NapoleonBattle of Waterloo (Napoleon vs
Duke of Wellington)Napoleon defeated and sent into
final exile on St. Helena island.
Final Defeat