intro lesson- history of the telephone

7/27/2019 Intro Lesson- History of the Telephone

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Telephone: Intro.

andHistorical

Perspective

ENGR. EDELITO A. HANDIG

UE-ECE DEPARTMENT


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A Communication System


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A Communication System


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Telephone System


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Telephone

The word Telephone comes from the Greekwords Tele; meaning from afar, and

Phone; meaning sound, voice, or

voiced sound.

Telephone: an apparatus for reproducing

sound, especially that of human voice, at a

great distance, by means of electricity;consisting of transmitting and receiving

instruments connected by a line or wire

which conveys the electric current.


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Telephony

Telephony: the branch of electricalcommunication dealing with the

transmission and reception of sounds

especially over wires.

Telephony: the field of technology involving

the development, application, and

deployment of telecommunication servicesfor the purpose of electronic transmission of

voice, fax, or data, between distant parties.


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Invention of Telephone???

Alexander GrahamBell with a

prototype

telephone, 1876. The single-port

design required the

user to alternatelyspeak into and then

listen through the

same hole.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1876_Bell_Speaking_into_Telephone.jpg


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Basic function of a telephone

1. It requests the use of the telephonesystem when the handset is lifted.

2. It indicates that the system is ready for

use by receiving a tone, called thedial tone.

3. It sends the number of the telephone to

be called to the system.


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4. It indicates the state of a call in progressby receiving tones indicating the status

(ringing, busy, etc.).

5. It indicates an incoming call to the calledtelephone by ringing bells or other audible

tones.

6. It changes speech of a calling party to

electrical signals for transmission to adistant party through the system.


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7. It changes electrical signals receivedfrom a distant party to speech for the called

party.

8. It automatically adjusts for changes in thepower supplied to it.

9. It ensure that a small amount of the

transmitted signal is fed back to the

speaker. 10. It signals the system that a call is

finished when a caller hangs up the

handset.


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Basic parts of a telephone


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unc ona oc o atelephone


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Timeline:

Smoking Up: In the B.C.s, smokesignals were sent out using fire and

some smoke signal equipment. It is said

that a fellow named Polybius (a Greek

historian) came up with a system of

alphabetical smoke signals in the 100s

B.C., but there are no known recorded

codes.


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Timeline:

Wild Horses: 1850s in the U.S., thefastest way to send a message from

ones home to someone elses home

was by Pony Express.

Telegraph: In 1844, Samuel Morse :

The first words sent over the telegraph

were What has God wrought!

The Telephone was invented in 1876 by

Alexander Graham Bell, whose first

words on the phone were, Mr. Watson,

come at once, I need you.


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Timeline:

1627: Francis Bacon predicted thetelephone in his book New Utopia;but only described a long speakingtube.

1667: Robert Hooke invented a stringtelephone that conveyed sounds overan extended wire by mechanical

vibrations. 1729: English chemist Stephen Gray

transmitted electricity over a wire.

1746: Dutchman Pieter van

Musschenbroek and German Ewald


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Timeline:

1753: physician Charles Morrison,suggested that electricity mighttransmit messages.

1800: Alessandro Volta produced thefirst battery.

1820: Danish physicist ChristianOersted demonstrated

electromagnetism. 1830: the great American scientist

Professor Joseph Henry transmitted

the first practical electrical signal.


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Timeline 1837: Samuel Morse invented the first

workable telegraph. His assistant, AlfredVail, developed the Morse code signaling

alphabet with Morse.

1844: Innocenzo Manzetti first mooted theidea of a speaking telegraph transmitting

speech electrically.

1854: Charles Bourseul writes a

memorandum on the principles of the

telephone.

1861: Philipp Reis constructs the first

speech-transmitting telephone.


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Timeline

1871: Antonio Meucci files a patent atthe U.S. Patent Office for a device henamed "Sound Telegraph.

1875: Bell uses a bi-directional

"gallows" telephone that was able totransmit "voice like sounds", but notclear speech.

1875: Thomas Edison experiments withacoustic telegraphy and builds anelectro-dynamic receiver, but does notexploit it.


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Timeline

1875: Bell's U.S. Patent for his"Transmitters and Receivers for ElectricTelegraphs" is granted.

1876: Alexander Graham Bell US

Patent No. 174,465, issued on March 3for Telephone; "Improvements inTelegraphy.

1876: Elisha Gray applies for a similarpatent hours after Bell. He designs aliquid transmitter for use with atelephone, but does not build one.


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Timeline

1877: Bell's U.S. patent is granted for anelectromagnetic telephone using

permanent magnets, iron diaphragms, and

a call bell.

1877: Edison files for a patent on a carbon

(graphite) transmitter for telephone.

1877: The first permanent outdoor

telephone wire, covered a distance ofthree miles.

1878: The workable exchange enabled

calls to be switched among any number of


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Timeline

1879: Telephone subscribers began tobe designated by numbers rather thannames.

1880s: Long distance service wasestablished and grew using metalliccircuits.

1888: The common battery system,

developed by Hammond V. Hayes,permitted a central battery to supplyall telephones on an exchange.


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Timeline

1889: The first automatic telephoneswitching system by Almon B.

Strowger

1891: The first automatic dial systemwas patented by Strowger.

1897: Marconi patents complete

wireless telegraph system. 1900: The first coin telephone was

installed.


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Timeline

1906: Dr. Lee De Forest, began workon applying what was known as an

"audion," a three element vacuum tube,

which could amplify radio waves, to

telephony.

1915: Bell System completes the

transcontinental telephone line with

electronic repeaters.

1920: First Western Electric Panel

switch.

1920-28: Carson, Nyquist, Johnson,


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Timeline 1927: The "French" phone, with the

transmitter and receiver in a singlehandset, was developed by the Bell

System was released on a widespread

basis. 1927: Transatlantic service from New

York to London became operational,

transmitted by radio waves. 1936: Research on electronic telephone

exchanges began in Bell Labs and was

ultimately perfected in the 1960s with'


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Timeline

1937: Alec Reeves conceivespulsecode modulation (PCM).

1946: First commercial mobile

telephone service.

1946: Transmission via coaxial cables

was accomplished.

1947: Microwave radio transmission

was used for long-distance telephony.


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Timeline

1947: The transistor, a key to modernelectronics, was invented at Bell Labsby a team consisting of WilliamSchockley, Walter Brattain, and John

Bardeen. 1950: Time-division multiplexing

(TDM) is applied to telephony;

Hamming presents the first errorcorrection codes.

1951: the trial of customer-dialed DDD(Direct Distance Dialing) begins


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Timeline

1955: The laying of transatlantictelephone cables began.

1955: J. R. Pierce proposes satellite

communication system. 1958: All Number Calling (ANC)

instituted to handle consumer

demands for individual telephonenumbers.

1962: Telstar, the world's first

international communications satellite.


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Timeline

1962-66:PCM proves feasible for voiceand TV transmission; Viterbi presentsnew error-correcting schemes;adaptive equalization is developed.

1964: Fully electronic telephoneswitching system is put into service.

1968-69: Digitalization of telephonenetwork begins.


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Timeline

1973: Dr. Martin Cooper of Motorolamade what was probably the

first cellular telephone call on a

portable handset called the Dyna-Tac 1977: The cell phone had gone

public.

1980-85 Modern cellular mobilenetworks put into service,

Standardization for second generation

digital cellular systems is initialized.


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Timeline

1990: Optical transmission systemsreplace copper systems in long-

distance wideband transmission

1990: commercial access to Internetand birth of VoIP.

1990-97: The first digital cellular

system, Global System for MobileCommunications (GSM)

2000: applications of Soft Switches.


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Timeline

2001-05 telephony service turns topersonal communication service as

penetration of cellular and PCS

systems increases; second generationcellular systems are upgraded to

provide higher rate packet-switched

data service. 2005 third generation cellular systems

and WLAN technologies will provide

enhanced data services for mobile

users.


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Standardization


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Aspects of Standardizations

Standards are necessary to achieveinteroperability, compatibility, and

required performance in a cost-effective

manner. Open standards are needed to enable

the interconnection of systems,

equipment, and networks from differentmanufacturers, vendors, and operators.

Standards enable competition.


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Standards lead to economies of scalein manufacturing and engineering.

Political interests often lead to different

standards. International standards are threats to

the local industries of large countries

but opportunities to the industries ofsmall countries.


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Standards make users and networkoperators vendor independent and

improve availability of the systems.

Standards make international servicesavailable.


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Standard Organizations


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Network operators supportstandardization for these reasons:

To improve the compatibility of

telecommunications systems; To be able to provide wide-area or even

international services;

To be able to purchase equipment frommultiple vendors.


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Equipment manufacturers participate instandardization for these reasons:

To get information about future

standards for their developmentactivities as early as possible;

To support standards that are based

on their own technologies; To prevent standardization if it opens

their own markets.


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Service users participate instandardization for these reasons:

To support the development of

standardized international services; To have access to alternative system

vendors (multivendor networks);

To improve the compatibility of theirfuture network systems.


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Other interested parties includes: Governmental officials who are keen

on having national approaches

adopted as international standards. and academic experts who want to

become inventors of new

technological approaches.


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British Standards Institute(BSI; United Kingdom),

Deutsche Industrie-Normen

(DIN; Germany),

American National Standards Institute

(ANSI; United States),

Finnish Standards Institute (FSI;

Finland).


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European TelecommunicationsStandards Institute (ETSI)

Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers (IEEE) Electronic Industries Association (EIA)

Telecommunications Industry

Association (TIA)


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International Telecommunication Union

(ITU)

Comit Consultatif International de

Tlgraphique et Tlphonique, or

International Telegraph and TelephoneConsultative Committee (CCITT/ITU-T)

Comit Consultatif International des

Radiocommunications or International orRadio Consultative Committee

(CCIR/ITU-R)

International Standards Organization


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Thank you and

GOD Bless...

intro lesson- history of the telephone

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