intro 1 unit 13 – nixon and the early 1970s “law and order” pentagon papersuniv of cal v....

Intro 1

Unit 13 – Nixon and the Early 1970s

“law and order” Pentagon Papers Univ of Cal v. Bakke

New Federalism 1972 Election affirmative action

Silent Majority Christmas Bombing PUSH

Henry Kissinger “Peace with Honor” Jesse Jackson

foreign policy Returning Veterans Cesar Chavez

Triangular Diplomacy POW / MIA bilingualism

summit meeting Fall of Saigon United Farm Workers

SALT War Powers Act Pentagon Papers

China/USSR/Vietnam Betty Friedan plumbers

Vietnamization NOW DNC Headquarters

My Lai Title VII Watergate

Tonkin Resolution Title IX Sat Night Massacre

Cambodia Roe v. Wade Oval Office Tapes

Kent State ERA Impeach v Resign

Ch 27 Sec 1 Ch 24 Sec 4 Ch 26 Sec 2 & 3 Ch 27 Sec 2

FYI 4-1

A look back at the Twelve most commonly missed questions from

the Kennedy test….

Review of Unit 12 Test

FYI 4-1

4. What did the Immigration Reform Act of 1965 eliminate that played a key role in changing the composition of the American population?

a. all European immigration

b. Asian immigration

c. the “national origins” quotas

d. Mexican immigration

35% Missed

FYI 4-1

*10. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion or nation origin. The act also established –

a. legal consequences for discrimination

b. exceptions for job-related discrimination

c. an official definition of housing discrimination

d. criminal penalties for those practicing affirmative action

40% Missed

FYI 4-1

*13. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 suspended literacy tests used by some states –

a. as barriers to prevent minority participation in the election process

b. to ensure the election of minority candidates

c. to ensure that financial contributions were made to political candidates

d. as justification for increasing the number of election officials

27% Missed

FYI 4-1

33. The “teach-ins” on Vietnam were intended to

a. boost public support for the war

b. explain the war to the Senate

c. boost the student protest the war

d. explain the war to the public

30% Missed

FYI 4-1

36. The Tet offensive marked a major turning point in the Vietnam War because

a. Communist forces scored a major military victory

b. Communist forces scored a major political victory

c. American and South Vietnamese forces scored a major military victory

d. American and South Vietnamese forces scored a major political victory

70% Missed

FYI 4-1

37. After the Tet offensive, the mainstream American media began to

a. appeal to American patriotism to support the war effort

b. give less air time to antiwar protestors

c. give more air time to antiwar protestors

d. openly criticize the war effort

39% Missed

FYI 4-1

42. The early 1960s saw a phenomenon that fueled the youth movement – the rapid increase in

a. college enrollment

b. high school dropouts

c. military enlistments

d. immigration

56% Missed

FYI 4-1

43. The 1960s gave birth to a conspicuous youth movement, which challenged the American political and social system and conventional

a. elections

b. political parties

c. utopian ideas

d. middle-class values

42% Missed

FYI 4-1

45. Which of the following was NOT a reason for the decline of the “hippies” in America?

a. the war in Vietnam ended in the 1960s

b. unsanitary living conditions

c. recreational drug use leading to addiction

d. unable to support themselves economically

41% Missed

FYI 4-1

*47. What movement was sparked in Berkeley, California, when the university decided to restrict the

students’ rights to distribute literature and to recruit volunteers for political causes on campus?

a. Counterculture Movement

b. Hippie Movement

c. Free Speech Movement

d. Commune Movement

67% Missed

48. How many Americans were killed in action in 1968?

a. 510,000

b. 1400

c. 1200

d. 12,000

e. 8000

37% Missed

49. Between what years was escalation the greatest in Vietnam?

a. 1965-66

b. 1967-68

c. 1969-70

d. 1970-71

e. 1971-72

67% Missed

Intro 1

Unit 13 – Nixon and the Early 1970s

“law and order” Pentagon Papers Univ of Cal v. Bakke

New Federalism 1972 Election affirmative action

Silent Majority Christmas Bombing PUSH

Henry Kissinger “Peace with Honor” Jesse Jackson

foreign policy Returning Veterans Cesar Chavez

Triangular Diplomacy POW / MIA bilingualism

summit meeting Fall of Saigon United Farm Workers

SALT War Powers Act Pentagon Papers

China/USSR/Vietnam Betty Friedan plumbers

Vietnamization NOW DNC Headquarters

My Lai Title VII Watergate

Tonkin Resolution Title IX Sat Night Massacre

Cambodia Roe v. Wade Oval Office Tapes

Kent State ERA Impeach v Resign

Ch 27 Sec 1 Ch 24 Sec 4 Ch 26 Sec 2 & 3 Ch 27 Sec 2

FYI 4-1

Practice Questions and Study Aides

Review for Unit 13 TESTCh 24 Sec 4, Ch 26 Sec 2 & 3

Ch 27 Sec 1 & 2

“Nixon and the Early 1970s”

Intro 2

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Chapter Objectives

• Describe Nixon’s domestic agenda.

• Discuss Nixon’s foreign policy achievements.

Section 1: The Nixon Agenda

Section 1-18

Checking for Understanding

__ 1. to take possession

__ 2. a meeting of heads of government

__ 3. a policy which attempts to relax or ease tensions between nations

A. impound

B. détente

C. summit

Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.


C

B

A

Section 1-11

Why did Richard Nixon appeal to “Middle America” in the 1968 presidential election?

He aimed many of his campaign messages to “Middle America.” He promised them “peace with honor” in Vietnam, law and order, a streamlined government, and a return to more conservative times.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.


Appealing to Middle America (cont.)

(pages 832–835)(pages 832–835)

Section 1-17



What views on foreign policy did President Nixon and his national security adviser Henry Kissinger share?

Both believed in a gradual withdrawal from Vietnam, a practical approach to foreign policy, to continue to contain communism, and to use engagement and negotiations to achieve international goals.

Nixon’s Foreign Policy (cont.)

(pages 835–837)(pages 835–837)

Section 1-19

Checking for Understanding (cont.)

Describe Nixon’s New Federalism policy.

He granted federal funds to state and local agencies.



Section 1-20

Reviewing Themes



Global Connections What were the results of Nixon’s policy of détente?

Détente eased tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union and led to more normal relations between the U.S. and China.

Section 1-21

Critical Thinking



Evaluating How did Nixon’s China visit affect Soviet relations?

The Soviet Union became more accommodating to the United States.

Section 1-22

Analyzing Visuals



Analyzing Political Cartoons Study the cartoon on page 836 of your textbook. What is the artist’s message about the impact of the arms buildup on the average citizen in both the Soviet Union and the United States?

The arms race burdened citizens.

Intro 5


Chapter ObjectivesSection 4: The War Winds Down

• Explain the events of Nixon’s first administration that inspired more antiwar protests.

• Summarize the major lessons the United States learned from the Vietnam War experience.

Section 4-24




__ 1. policy of improving relations with the Soviet Union and China in hopes of persuading them to cut back their aid to North Vietnam

__ 2. the process of making South Vietnam assume more of the war effort by slowly withdrawing American troops from Vietnam

A. linkage

B. Vietnamization




B

A

Section 4-8

What was Vietnamization?

This was Nixon’s plan to gradually withdraw American troops and for South Vietnam to assume more of the fighting.



Nixon Moves to End the War (cont.)

(pages 790–791)(pages 790–791)

Section 4-13

What happened at Kent State on May 4, 1970?

Ohio National Guard soldiers fired on demonstrators without orders to do so. The event left four students dead and nine others wounded.



Turmoil at Home Continues (cont.)

(pages 791–792)(pages 791–792)

Section 4-19

What was not resolved as the peace agreement was signed?

The parties did not resolve the major issue, which was what the future of South Vietnam would be.



The United States Pulls Out of Vietnam (cont.)

(pages 792–793)(pages 792–793)

Section 4-23

How did the Vietnam War impact the United States?

The war had cost over $170 billion in direct costs and had resulted in 58,000 deaths. Many soldiers who did return home faced psychological problems, and some families were left uncertain about POWs and MIAs. In 1973 Congress passed the War Powers Act to reestablish limits on executive power. The Vietnam War increased Americans’ cynicism about their government and made them question their leaders.



The Legacy of Vietnam (cont.)

(pages 793–794)(pages 793–794)

Section 4-25




Describe what happened in Vietnam in 1975 after the United States withdrew.

North Vietnam took control of South Vietnam, uniting the two countries under communist rule.

Section 4-26

Reviewing Themes



Government and Democracy Why did Congress pass the War Powers Act? How did this act reflect a struggle between the legislative and executive branches?

The War Powers Act was passed to limit executive power. It reflected the struggle over checks and balances in war and foreign policy between the executive and legislative branches.

Section 4-27

Critical Thinking



Analyzing Why did the invasion of Cambodia cost President Nixon congressional support?

Nixon failed to notify Congress of this action in advance, costing him congressional support.

Section 4-28

Analyzing Visuals



Analyzing Photographs Study the photograph on page 793 of your textbook of South Vietnamese citizens attempting to enter the U.S. embassy. How do you think this image affected American attitudes toward the war? Why do you think so?

Answers will vary.

Chapter Assessment 14



Directions: Choose the phrase that best completes the following statement.

The purpose of the War Powers Act was to ensure that the president would

A have greater authority over the military.

B consult Congress before committing troops to extended conflicts.

C have the authority to sign treaties without Senate approval.

D have a freer hand in fighting the spread of communism.

Test-Taking Tip After Vietnam and Watergate, Congress wanted legislation to limit the president’s power during wartime. Three of the answers actually do the opposite, giving the president more power. You can eliminate these three answers.




What is the name of the university in Ohio where four students were killed by National Guard troops?

The name of this university is Kent State University.

Daily Focus Skills Transparency 4



Intro 3


Chapter ObjectivesSection 2: The Feminist Movement

• Describe the workplace concerns that fueled the growth of the women’s movement.

• Identify major achievements of the women’s movement.

Section 2-21


__ 1. the belief that men and women should be equal politically, economically, and socially

__ 2. section of the 1972 Educational Amendments prohibiting federally funded schools from discriminating against girls and young women in nearly all aspects of their operations

A. feminism

B. Title IX




B

A

Section 2-7

What were the two groups of the women’s movement?

The League of Women Voters promoted laws to protect women and children. The National Woman’s Party opposed protective laws because they thought the laws reinforced workplace discrimination.



A Weakened Women’s Movement(cont.)

(pages 806–807)(pages 806–807)

Section 2-13

What did the President’s Commission on the Status of Women find?

The commission’s report highlighted problems of women in the workplace and helped to create feminist networks who lobbied Congress on behalf of women.



The Women’s Movement Reawakens(cont.)

(pages 807–808)(pages 807–808)

Section 2-19

What were some successes and failures of the women’s movement?



Successes and Failures (cont.)

(pages 808–810)(pages 808–810)

Section 2-20

In 1972 Congress passed the Educational Amendments. One of the sections, Title IX, prohibited federally funded schools from discriminating against girls in nearly all aspects of their operations, from admissions to athletics. Implementation of Title IX was slow at many schools and women still had to struggle for equality. By the late 1960s, some states began adopting liberal abortion laws regarding a woman’s mental health or in the case of rape or incest. In 1973 the Supreme Court decision Roe v. Wade ruled that state governments could no longer regulate abortion during the first three months of pregnancy. This gave rise to the right-to-life movement, whose members considered abortion morally wrong. In 1972 Congress passed the Equal Rights Amendment, which protected against discrimination based on gender. Opposition to the ERA amendment grew as many saw the act as a threat to traditional rights. Phyllis Schlafly organized a national Stop-ERA campaign. The amendment failed to be ratified by 38 states and finally died in 1982.

Successes and Failures (cont.)

(pages 928–930)(pages 928–930)

Section 2-22




Summarize Shirley Chisholm’s political contributions.

The first African American woman in Congress, she helped reform the House committee appointment system and worked on education and day care.

Section 2-23

Reviewing Themes



Civic Rights and Responsibilities How have women’s rights improved since the 1960s?

More women have achieved equal pay for the same job, more career choices, and more political power.

Section 2-24

Critical Thinking



Synthesizing What two events weakened the women’s movement after 1920?

Division within the women’s movement and World War II weakened the women’s movement.

Section 2-25

Analyzing Visuals



Analyzing Photographs Study the photo on page 807 of your textbook of a housewife in her kitchen. Think about depictions of housewives in modern television or magazine advertisements you have seen. How would you compare the photo on page 807 with today’s images?

Answers will vary.

Intro 4


Chapter ObjectivesSection 3: New Approaches

to Civil Rights• Describe the goal of affirmative action

policies.

• Analyze the rise of Hispanic and Native American protests.

Section 3-23


__ 1. an active effort to improve employment or educational opportunities for minorities

__ 2. the practice of teaching immigrant students in their own language

__ 3. a policy of transporting children to schools outside their neighborhoods to achieve greater racial balance

A. affirmative action

B. busing

C. bilingualism




C

B

A

Section 3-13

What did Maynard Jackson, the mayor of Atlanta, do to help African Americans?

Jackson used the expansion of the city’s airport to address the imbalance in his city regarding African American jobs. He opened the bidding process more widely to include minority firms. Up to 25 percent of all construction work was given to minority firms.



Fighting for Greater Opportunity(cont.)

(pages 812–815)(pages 812–815)

Section 3-17

How did Hispanic Americans work for greater rights?



Hispanic Americans Organize(cont.)

(pages 815–816)(pages 815–816)

Section 3-17a

In the early 1960s, César Chávez and Dolores Huerta organized two groups that fought for the rights of farm workers. In 1966, after employers would not respond to worker demands, the groups organized a boycott of table grapes. In 1969 José Angel Gutiérrez organized a new political party in Texas called La Raza Unida, or “the United People.” The group mobilized Mexican American voters behind a political agenda, calling for job-training programs and greater access to financial institutions. An issue promoted by Hispanic students and political leaders was bilingualism.

Hispanic Americans Organize(cont.)

(pages 815–816)(pages 815–816)

Section 3-22

What did Native Americans gain in the protest movement during the 1960s and 1970s?

The Native American movement won some notable victories including the 1975 passage of the Indian Self-Determination and Educational Assistance Act, which increased funds for Native American education and enlarged tribal roles in administering federal programs. More Native Americans moved into policy-making positions. Native Americans won a number of land and water rights.



Native Americans Raise Their Voices(cont.)

(pages 816–817)(pages 816–817)

Section 3-24




Analyze how the Bakke case, along with other cases, affected affirmative action.

It challenged affirmative action as reverse discrimination.

Section 3-25

Reviewing Themes



Civic Rights and Responsibilities How did the Supreme Court support civil rights during the 1970s? Cite two court cases and their decisions.

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education challenged the constitutionality of busing. University of California Regents v. Bakke decided the constitutionality of affirmative action.

Section 3-26

Critical Thinking



Synthesizing Why have African Americans become significantly more influential in the U.S. Congress since the early 1970s?

The CBC was organized in Congress.

Section 3-27

Analyzing Visuals



Analyzing Graphs Study the graph on page 815 of your textbook of U.S. Hispanic population growth since 1980. The largest percentage of Hispanics is represented by Mexican Americans. What was the approximate percentage growth for Hispanic Americans from 1980 to 2000?

The percentage growth was about 100%.




Reviewing Key Facts

How did Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 promote women’s equality?

Title VII outlawed job discrimination on the basis of gender as well as of race, color, religion, and national origin.




Reviewing Key Facts (cont.)

How did Betty Friedan stimulate the feminist movement?

Betty Friedan wrote The Feminine Mystique and founded the National Organization for Women (NOW).





Why were some conservatives opposed to the Equal Rights Amendment?

Some were opposed to the Equal Rights Amendment because they saw it as a threat to traditional values and social patterns.





How did Native Americans expand their political rights and economic opportunities in the 1960s and 1970s?

By protesting, Native Americans helped get legislation passed that provided education assistance and won land and water rights, the right to tax reservations, and other sovereign functions.

Intro 3


Chapter ObjectivesSection 2: The Watergate Scandal

• Describe the character of Richard Nixon and the attitude of his White House.

• Explain the Watergate scandal and discuss its effects.

Section 2-20


__ 1. principle stating that communications of the executive branch should remain confidential to protect national security

__ 2. to formally charge a public official with misconduct in office

A. executive privilege

B. impeach




B

A

Section 2-9

Why was Nixon’s hope of re-election uncertain?

Although he had a high approval rating after the summit meetings, the unpopular Vietnam War still dragged on. Nixon’s staff was worried about the close margin of the 1968 victory.



The Roots of Watergate (cont.)

(pages 838–840)(pages 838–840)

Section 2-16

What did the House Judiciary Committee charge against Nixon?

Nixon was charged with obstructing justice in the Watergate cover-up, misuse of federal agencies to violate the rights of citizens, and defying the authority of Congress by not turning over the tapes and other materials the committee had requested.



The Cover-Up Unravels (cont.)

(pages 840–842)(pages 840–842)

Section 2-19

What did the Watergate scandal do to Americans?

It left many Americans with a deep distrust of public officials. Some Americans felt that Nixon’s impeachment and resignation proved that in the United States, no one is above the law.



The Impact of Watergate (cont.)

(page 842)(page 842)

Section 2-21




Evaluate the effects of the Watergate scandal on the way American citizens viewed the federal government.

Many citizens distrusted the federal government, especially the presidency, while some saw the events as proof that no one is above the law.

Section 2-22

Reviewing Themes



Government and Democracy How did the Watergate scandal alter the balance of power between the executive and legislative branches of government?

It led to laws that limit the power of the executive branch.

Section 2-23

Critical Thinking



Evaluating How did the discovery of the White House tapes change the Watergate cover-up investigation?

It led to an abuse of executive privilege, but resulted in proof of Nixon’s guilt.

Section 2-24

Analyzing Visuals



Analyzing Photographs Study the photograph on page 841 of your textbook. How would you describe the scene of Nixon’s leave-taking? What in the photo suggests that this is a formal occasion? Why do you think this ceremony might be important for the nation?

Answers will vary.




Reviewing Key Facts

What were the main aspects of President Nixon’s domestic and foreign policies?

Nixon’s domestic policy focused on the New Federalism, and his foreign policy focused on détente.





What was the impact of the Watergate scandal on the American people?

Most Americans lost trust in public officials.



No, Nixon would still have won the majority of electoral votes.

End of Slide Show

intro 1 unit 13 – nixon and the early 1970s “law and order” pentagon papersuniv of cal v....

Documents

test slide

immigration reform act

jobrelated discrimination

prohibited discrimination

asian immigration

mexican immigration

european immigration

voting rights act