Intramural Rehabilitation Plans

Principles Set out by the Latin American Network on Education in Prison based on the Declaration on Adult Learning (UNESCO, 1997), the World Education Forum (Dakar Framework for Action, 2000), the Millennium Development Goals and the Standard

Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (UN,1954)

Education for persons deprived of liberty as a lifelong human right, not a prison benefit.

Inclusion of persons deprived of liberty in public education policy management and education plans.

Promotion of inter-ministerial and inter-agency linkage.

The position of remand prisoners is that of a negative limbo in which they have access neither to the benefits of convicted inmates nor to programs for their education or social reintegration.

REINTEGRATION PROGRAMS

PRISON INMATES PER 100,000 INHABITANTS

Various Sources (ILANUD, CEJA, OVP, government agencies, assorted papers)

Americas Region:

Central

Andean

Southern

Estimated

King’s College London

COMPARATIVE CHARTPRISON INMATES PER 100,000

INHABITANTSVarious Sources (ILANUD, CEJA, OVP, King’s College

London, government agencies, assorted papers)

Americas: Central Region

PRISON INMATES PER 100,000 INHABITANTSVarious Sources (ILANUD, CEJA, OVP, government agencies, assorted papers)

Selected Countries

Non Selected Countries

Americas: Andean RegionSelected Countries

PRISON INMATES PER 100,000 INHABITANTSVarious Sources (ILANUD, CEJA, OVP, government agencies, assorted papers)

Non Selected Countries

Selected CountriesNon Selected Countries

PRISON INMATES PER 100,000 INHABITANTSVarious Sources (ILANUD, CEJA, OVP, government agencies, assorted papers)

Americas: Southern Region

More than 300

200 to 300

100 to 200

Less than 100

DEMOGRAPHIC DENSITYPRISON INMATES PER

100,000 INHABITANTS

Various Sources (ILANUD, CEJA, OVP, government agencies)

MEXICO

EL SALVADOR

PANAMA

ARGENTINA

URUGUAY

COLOMBIA

ECUADOR

PERU

VENEZUELA

Panama 354 Chile 276 Mexico 202 Uruguay 191 EL Salvador 180 Argentina 161 Colombia 130 Peru 130 Ecuador 89 Venezuela 73

CHILE

LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES: PRISON POPULATION BY SEX

1999-2002 2005-2008

MEN WOMEN MEN WOMEN

Arg (02)(06) 44.969 95 2.402 5 41.517 95 2.172 5

Bol (01)(08) 5.840 80 1.440 20 6.835 88 947 12

Bra (02)(08) 229.772 96 10.335 4 413.334 94 27.192 6

Col (01)(08) 50.789 94 3.245 6 78.385 89 9.288 11

CRica (02)(08) 6.772 92 604 8 8.048 93 562 7

Chile (02)(08) 30.934 93 2.164 7 49.362 93 3.885 7

Ecu (02)(08) 7.048 91 682 9 14.666 90 1.582 10

ElSal (02)(05) 9.631 94 647 6 11.641 95 625 5

Gua(02)(06) 7.028 95 390 5 6.516 95 341 5

Hond (02)(08) 11.284 95 614 5 10.455 97 354 3

Mex (00)(08) 145.107 96 6.555 4 206.334 95 11.123 5

Nic (02)(08) 5.347 96 208 4 6.296 92 515 8

Pan (02)(05) 9.143 93 721 7 10.788 93 814 7

Par (99)(08) 3.881 95 207 5 5.678 95 291 5

Peru (02)(05) 25.597 93 1.896 7 31.098 93 2.380 7

DomR(99)(08) 13.645 96 543 4 15.473 97 535 3

Uru(02)(08) 5.367 95 262 5 7.170 93 535 7

Ven (99)(06) 21.969 95 1.177 5 17.811 94 1.236 6

E.Carranza, ILANUD 2006. Prepared from official data analyzed at workshops with the directors of the penitentiary system in each country.

POPULATION BY SEX IN LATIN AMERICA

1999-2002

2005-2008

Women

Men

Source: E.Carranza, ILANUD 2008 .

Prison Industry.

Collaboration Agreement on Implementation of Higher

Education Programs, Research, Dissemination of

Culture, and University Extension in Prisons of the

Federal District Corrections System.

Education Agreement between the Federal District

Department of Social Readjustment and Prevention and

the Colegio de Bachilleres.

Agreement between the Federal District Department of

Social Readjustment and Prevention and Oceánica.

MÉXICO

Source: SSP, 2008

Population enrolled in education programs

Constitution of the United Mexican States:

Article 18.-“The federal and state governments shall organize the penal system within their respective

jurisdictions on the basis of labor, vocational training, and education as a means of social

readjustment of the offender.”

Rest of the prison population

PANAMÁ

Population enrolled in education programs

Source: Corrections Department of Panama, 2008

Job Placement Programs

Project Casa 2000

Craftwork

Textiles workshop

Fork assembly workshop

Ornamental plant nursery

Printing and screen printing

Autobody workshop

Cabinet making

Metal workshop

Rest of the prison population

VENEZUELA

Bolivarian Missions

Prisons Symphony Orchestra

National Open University

INCE WorkshopsPopulation enrolled in education programs

Source: Venezuelan Prisons Observatory, 2008

Rest of the prison population

Article 272: “The State guarantees a penitentiary system such as to ensure the rehabilitation of inmates and respect for their human rights. To this end, penitentiary facilities shall have areas for work, study, sports and recreation, shall operate under the direction of professional penologists with academic credentials, and will be ruled by decentralized administration by state or municipal governments; they may be subject to privatization arrangements.”

COLOMBIA

Corrections System Education Scheme

Vocational Training Programs

Source: INPEC, 2008

ECUADOR

Constitution of Ecuador Article 208: “The purpose of the penal and prison system shall be to educate the convict and train them for employment, in order to bring about their rehabilitation and, thereby, their adequate social reintegration.”

Cabinet making

Orthopedic materials

Metalworking and lock making

Envelope making

Craftwork

Population enrolled in work programs

Source: Las cárceles en ecuador. FIDH, 2000

Rest of the prison population

PERÚ

Constitution of Peru, 1993Article 139 (21) and (22), respectively, recognize “the right of the inmate and those convicted to be suitably housed” and “the principle that the purpose of the prison system is the reeducation, rehabilitation and reintegration of the convict in society.”

Alternative Basic Education: literacy, primary and secondary education for adults or, as they are currently termed, initial, intermediate and advanced cycles.

Technical Vocational Training: specialty skills such as carpentry, shoemaking, craftwork, clothing industry, ceramics, computers, English, auto mechanics, screen printing, etc.

Regular Basic Education – Early Level: early stimulation and childcare which is provided by law for the children of women inmates up to the age of three.

Population enrolled in education programsPopulation enrolled in work programsRest of the prison population

Source: Consolidated Report on the Situation of Adult Learning and Education in Prisons. National Corrections Institute, 2008

CHILE

Source: Chilean Prisons Service, 2008

CHILE

Population enrolled in education programsPopulation enrolled in work programs

Source: Chilean Prisons Service, 2008

Elementary Education

Secondary Education

Workshops and specialties

Incorporation of Prisoners in

Inmate Rehabilitation

Public Libraries

Knowledge Acquisition and Job

Performance TechniquesRest of the prison population

ARGENTINA

National Prison Education Program

(Elementary, secondary and university)

Social Integration and Vocational

Training ProgramPopulation enrolled in education programs

“The prisons of the Nation shall be healthy and clean, for the security and

not for the punishment of the prisoners confined therein; and any measure

taken with the pretext of precaution which may torment them beyond the

demands of security, shall render liable the judge who authorizes it.

Constitution, Article 18” (Román, 2008).

Rest of the prison population

Source: Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, National Program “Prison and Minority Education”. Buenos Aires 2004.Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. Progress of Education, National Report on Argentina. August, 2004.

URUGUAY

Population enrolled in education programs

Science and Humanities Education

Program

Basic Education Programs

Elementary Technical Education

Professional Technical Education

“Quite apart from the huge number of agencies involved and the complete absence of concrete education policies, there are no specific budget appropriations for education. The Education Department of the National Prisons Directorate is not allocated a fixed or predetermined budget and is at the mercy of the discretion of higher authorities. (Sanguinetti, 2006)”.

Rest of the prison population

Source: Women Deprived of Liberty. Report of CLADEM-UY 2006.; Sanguinetti, J. 2006. El acceso a la educación superior en las Instituciones Penitenciarias del Uruguay y casos comparados

OVERVIEW (1)

Intramural education remains one of the most effective ways to attempt to resocialize inmates and bring about their reintegration in society.

A clear distinction should be drawn between Intramural Education and Training of persons deprived of liberty. In several countries the two concepts are presented as synonymous.

There is no adequate and generalized measurement of the effectiveness of intramural education. In some cases it is assessed as a function of the percentage of former inmates who re-offend.

There should be more and better participation of civil society organizations in the education of persons deprived of liberty, given that it is in that society where the inmate will be reintegrated after they have served their sentence.

There is no discrimination in education of persons deprived of liberty or specific literacy training or primary/secondary education completion plans

In some countries, though certain intramural education plans exist, it is society that displays symptoms of rejection of former inmates without giving consideration to their education efforts.

Principles Set out by the Latin American Network on Education in Prison based on the Declaration on Adult Learning (UNESCO, 1997), the World Education Forum

(Dakar Framework for Action, 2000), the Millennium Development Goals and the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (UN,1954)

Education for persons deprived of liberty as a lifelong human right, not a prison benefit.

Inclusion of persons deprived of liberty in public education policy management and education plans.

Promotion of inter-ministerial and inter-agency linkage.

The position of remand prisoners is that of a negative limbo in which they have access neither to the benefits of convicted inmates nor to programs for their education or social reintegration.

OVERVIEW (2)

Situacion General (3)

Problems that affect intramural education and training for persons deprived of liberty

Lack of teaching staff who specialize in inmate education.

Meager incentives and poor working conditions.

Lack of security measures to compensate for the dangers found in some prisons.

Absence of a coordinated policy that combines the efforts of different professionals, such as psychologists, lawyers, social workers and specialized teachers to ensure comprehensive treatment for inmates.

A well-organized and institutional approach on the part of government and civil society.

OVERVIEW (3)

Conditions of Education Services Available in Prisons

Adult Literacy Programs: Almost always sporadic and non-continuous.

Elementary Education Programs: Offered in a standard manner in a school environment according to Education Ministry guidelines. Neither contents nor methods are suited to adults (andragogy) or the inmate population.

Secondary and Higher Education Programs: In short supply and at many facilities access is severely restricted. Several countries have introduced Distance Education programs.

OVERVIEW (4)

Situación General (5)

Non Formal Education

Health Education Programs. Overall this area of education is in an enfeebled state. There are no reports of any specific ongoing programs to combat the spread of highly infectious diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, TB, and the various types of hepatitis (A,B, and C).

Art education plans, including Prison Orchestras. In some cases there are festivals, prison theater, competitions and isolated activities; however, there is an almost invariable absence of ongoing programs that facilitate access for inmates.

Sport education with various sports competitions; however, infrastructure is usually dilapidated.

OVERVIEW (5)

Situación General (5)

Vocational Training

Training workshops for different jobs and trades

Work for private companies for a limited wage (in some cases)

Cooperative work proposals

OVERVIEW (6)

CONCLUSIONS

“Education for prison inmates reduces recidivism. Efforts

at social reintegration of prisoners should entail a more

intensive use of education mechanisms in correctional

facilities” Education in prisons and recidivism.

May 29, 2006. El Clarín newspaper.

SOURCES

Population Figures: Statistical Yearbook for Latin America and the Caribbean 2007, ECLAC.

Mexico: Secretariat for Public Security of Mexico. First Activity Report 2007.

Web site: http://www.ssp.gob.mx/portalWebApp/ShowBinary?nodeId=/BEA%20Repository/270966//archivo

El Salvador: Prisons Department. October 2006 (Figures on the Prison Population and Capacity). Web site:

http://www.ocavi.com/docs_files/file_43.pdf.

Prisons Department. November 2004 (Figures for Cases on Trial and Convictions) Web site:

http://www.gobernacion.gob.sv/eGobierno/SeccionesPrincipales/Direcciones/CentrosPenales/Estadisticas/

Panama: Ministry of the Interior and Justice. Corrections Department. Republic of Panama.

Web site: http://www.sistemapenitenciario.gob.pa/poblacion.htm

Ecuador: FLACSO Ecuador. Ciudad Segura. January 2006

Venezuela: Venezuelan Prisons Observatory (OVP). Report 2007: Situation of Human Rights and Procedural Guarantees of Persons Deprived of

Liberty in Venezuela.

Colombia: National Corrections Institute (INPEC). Planning Office. July 2007

Peru: National Human Rights Coordinator, 2006.

Chile: Government of Chile. Ministry of Justice. Chilean Prisons Service. September 2007

Web site: http://www.gendarmeria.cl/estadisticas/main-estadis.htmUruguay: Women Deprived of Liberty. Report of CLADEM-UY 2006.; Sanguinetti, J. 2006. El acceso a la educación superior en las Instituciones

Penitenciarias del Uruguay y casos comparadosWeb site: http://www.cladem.org/espanol/nacionales/uruguay/UY-informeprivadaslibertad.aspArgentina: Román, A. Pensar Internet como elemento de reinserción en los penales argentinos. April 2008.Unidos por la Justicia. 2004 Statistics. Web site: http://www.unidosjusticia.org.ar/estadisticas/indicadores_sist_jud.htm

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