interviews
TRANSCRIPT
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of TechnologyCRICOS Provider Code 00301J
Jonathan HallettEvidence + Effectiveness in Health PromotionIN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of TechnologyCRICOS Provider Code 00301J
RECAP
What do you remember about focus groups?
Evidence and Effectiveness in Health Promotion
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of TechnologyCRICOS Provider Code 00301J
In-depth Interviews
Conversations
“… attempts to understand the world from the subjects' point of view, to unfold the meaning of peoples' experiences…” (Kvale, 1996).
Evidence and Effectiveness in Health Promotion
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of TechnologyCRICOS Provider Code 00301J
“In-depth interviewing involves asking open‐ended questions, listening to and recording the answers, and then following up with additional relevant questions.”
“On the surface this appears to require no more than knowing how to talk and listen. Beneath the surface, however, interviewing becomes an art and science requiring skill, sensitivity, concentration, interpersonal understanding, insight, mental acuity and discipline”
(Patton, 1987:108)
Evidence and Effectiveness in Health Promotion
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of TechnologyCRICOS Provider Code 00301J
Purpose of in-depth interviews
To collect data
Systematic observation
Explore issues
Generate ideas, refine ideas
Better understanding of results
Determine project /program impacts
Evidence and Effectiveness in Health Promotion
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of TechnologyCRICOS Provider Code 00301J
Focus groups vs Interviews
Evidence and Effectiveness in Health Promotion
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of TechnologyCRICOS Provider Code 00301J
Why use over other methods
Sensitivity of subject requires discretion
Small and homogenous population groups
Need to be able to explore in depth
Expert level of knowledge – extensive knowledge
High status people are involved
Evidence and Effectiveness in Health Promotion
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of TechnologyCRICOS Provider Code 00301J
Strengths and weaknesses
1. Rich data
2. Credibility
3. Flexibility
4. Adaptability
5. Original
Evidence and Effectiveness in Health Promotion
1. Intrusive
2. Interpersonal dynamics
3. Expensive
4. Time consuming
5. Subjective
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of TechnologyCRICOS Provider Code 00301J
Asking the Right Questions
Ask ‘good’ questions:
“Were there any barriers for you becoming a volunteer?” vs. “What things made it difficult for you to become a volunteer?”
Choose your words carefully:
“What crime prevention strategies are the most effective in reducing residents’ dissatisfaction with safety and security?”
One concept per question
Relying on memory
BiasEvidence and Effectiveness in Health Promotion
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of TechnologyCRICOS Provider Code 00301J
What will help?
Good questions - KISS principle and easy
Comfortable interviewer / interviewee – its not an easy task, can be confronting! Should YOU be the interviewer?
Solid ethics application and planned approach will help
Determine how many you really need to do
Appropriate environment
Allow for enough time and people!
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of TechnologyCRICOS Provider Code 00301J
Analysis
Read each transcription
Listen to recordings
Organise into themes/categories
Highlight with actual quotes in any report
Can be done by hand (i.e. paper, highlighters, scissors, post-it notes)
Or with software e.g. NVivo
Evidence and Effectiveness in Health Promotion
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of TechnologyCRICOS Provider Code 00301J
Analysing the Results
Look for patterns and common themes AND divergent responses – how can these be explained?
What interesting stories emerge from the responses?
Do any of these patterns suggest that additional data may be needed?
Do the patterns that emerge corroborate the findings of any corresponding qualitative analyses that have been conducted? If not, what might explain these discrepancies?
Evidence and Effectiveness in Health Promotion
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of TechnologyCRICOS Provider Code 00301J
Qualitative analysis – alternative approaches
Inductive Derived from data
Develop new theories/models
e.g. grounded theory
DeductiveUses existing theories/models as framework
Evidence and Effectiveness in Health Promotion
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of TechnologyCRICOS Provider Code 00301J
Group Activity – The Right Question
Consider the scenario below:
- Local Government Area (Metro or Country)
- High self reported levels of obesity and short journey car use
- Proposed key stakeholder interviews to explore situation
1. Develop your research question
2. Discuss who you will recruit and how you will recruit the participants.
3. Write an introduction to your interview
4. Write three to five initial questions for these stakeholders
Evidence and Effectiveness in Health Promotion
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of TechnologyCRICOS Provider Code 00301J
Activity – The Right Question
Following the key stakeholder interviewers it is determined that you now need to interview a range of community members for their views.
Will you use the same questions for the community members?
Would you change any of the questions?
Why?
Evidence and Effectiveness in Health Promotion
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of TechnologyCRICOS Provider Code 00301J
Finding evidence for qualitative results
Find quotes that provide evidence for these findings:
1.The price of alcohol affects consumption
2.The safety of drinking depends on the setting
Evidence and Effectiveness in Health Promotion